Planning for Demolition of Building

Making arrangements for Demolition of Building Recognize an abandoned structure and considering variables, for example, its past use, condition, basic highlights and area, set up an arrangement for the sheltered destruction of the structure that distinguishes the favored technique for destruction and layouts reasonable specialized and procedural control measures. The goals of this report are to distinguish an abandoned structure and plan its destruction. The arranging needs to assess the specificities of the structures structure, its past use, the site, the neighboring properties and different boundaries. Control measures from a wellbeing and security perspective must be incorporated. The structure recognized is an extremely old Victorian three-story constructing that has not been utilized for a long time. The technique comprises of breaking down the current structure and abutting properties. An itemized depiction of the structure has been given and the destruction grouping has been picked as per the structure and in a manner to make negligible interruption different properties and the overall population. The real destruction plan is given as a rundown of assignments and a concise clarification for each errand. The destruction procedure has been isolated into basic stages. The control measures have been fused in the arrangement of the destruction yet a wellbeing and danger appraisal has been done that rundowns the potential perils from such a work. 1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The Derelict Building 1.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Structures to be Demolished This three story Victorian structure is one of three structures in a similar aggravate that used to house an old medical clinic on the site.The other two are additionally not being used and there are plans to wreck them too yet sometime in the future. The Victorian structure is a segregated three story building situated halfway on the site with a shed utilized as kettle house on one side.Access is from the south side where the structure is around 10 m from the street. The Boiler House is set toward the north of the structure however is separated from the fundamental structure. It comprises of one tall stone structure with connected oil and water tanks. There is a system of underground funnels between the kettle house and the Victorian structures for the flexibly of high temp water for residential and warming purposes. As most Victorian structures of that size, these structures have certain qualities that recognize them from different structures. The structure development is of brick work. The heap bearing dividers are made of two lines of block with no hole in the middle. These outside dividers rise undisrupted to the rooftop. The rooftop comprises of square lumber rafters sitting on a wood ring shaft on the dividers. The rafters bolster an arrangement if rectangular wood purlins that thusly bolster the record tiles that structure the rooftop. The edges are fixed by pounded lead foils. The inward floors are comprised of lumber joists bolstered by stone sections off the block dividers. A framework of lumber bars are bolstered off the joists and wooden boards are nailed to the highest point of the lumber bars. The segment dividers comprise of put wood outlines. The structures likewise comprise of cellar that have been fixed quite a long while back however has not been filled. There is no protection on the dividers and rooftop and there is no cooling introduced in the structure. The main administrations are the hot and cold water pipes, seepage channels and electric wiring. The water pipes date from the first development and are of lead. The clean seepage pipes likewise date from unique and comprise of 5 cast iron channels and fittings fixed with bitumen. The electric wiring has been introduced a lot later and has been fixed to the lumber joists by methods for nailed cuts. The kettle house is a stone structure with folded iron sheet rooftop. It contains a coal-terminated evaporator that is out of activity. The heater is associated with the Victorian structures by means of underground funnels to gracefully high temp water. The Boiler House additionally contains an enormous number of funnel work and fittings just as a coal pit. 1.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Adjacent Land Use The site is arranged between two fundamental streets on the South andEast sides and two B-class streets on the North and West sides. The site imparts a limit to a much more up to date development utilized as NHS center which will stay being used during the destruction. The site is encircled totally with 2.5 m tall brick work dividers aside from on the south side. The south side is cordoned by fashioned iron fencing. There is no divider between the parking area of the facility and the compound. 1.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ground Conditions Ground examinations were done on tests of the south of the site during the development of a portion of the more up to date structures. The examination results are accessible from the gathering. Since no new development is being attempted in this venture, ground data is considered to be pointless. 2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Description of Works 2.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Methodology 2.1.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Survey Since the structure has not been being used for a huge timeframe, its accurate state isn't known even to the customer. So the principal thing to be done is a full basic review of the structure to survey the peril from dangerous material and to choose the best technique for doing the work. This should be done as ahead of schedule as the delicate stage as the data from this overview will be fundamental for the remainder of the work. Prior to the beginning of the destruction, a full scale destruction study should be finished. This should assess the following(Holroyd, 1999): Bordering properties The sort of structure and the key components in it. The state of the components. Any prerequisite for impermanent works or organizing during destruction. Are there any limited spaces. Are there perils from asbestos, lead, defiled land, and so forth? Is access and departure satisfactory? 2.1.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Preferred Method The destruction can be conveyed in various manners yet given the closeness of different properties, for example, the NHS square and primary streets, the destruction ought to be completed in a manner as to limit disturbance to the area and furthermore to cause least commotion level. The destruction ought to be wanted to be completed in a controlled way through and through, de-building the parts in the opposite request of unique development. Destruction balls will be utilized uniquely if all else fails and no dangerous will be utilized. 2.1.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Method Statement A technique articulation should be set up before the activity begins and should cover (Holroyd, 1999): The succession and strategy for destruction noticing access/departure subtleties. Pre-debilitating subtleties of the structure Faculty wellbeing, including the overall population Administration evacuation/make safe Administrations to be given Combustible issues Unsafe substances The utilization of transport and waste evacuation Personality of individuals with control duties. 3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Particulars of Work 3.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Phase 1: Planning Before the destruction begins, cautious arranging is required to guarantee smooth activities. It likewise permits issues to be recognized at a beginning period. The expense of medicinal activity at the arranging stage is essentially not as much as that at the destruction stage. In this way, portion of time and exertion to cautious and intensive arranging is significant. 3.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Phase 2: Site Preparation Once on location, the destruction can't begin right away. There is a ton of work that should be done to make the destruction work possible.Several preventive measures and control measures must be built up directly toward the beginning. It is less expensive and better than to apply therapeutic activity when things turn out badly. The arranging stage more likely than not distinguished the territories that need consideration and the control quantifies that are required. The procedures associated with the real destruction are site explicit and site arrangements must be done as needs be. Great site planning likewise permits insignificant disturbance to the area. 3.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Phase 3: Demolition of Boiler House From the hazard appraisal, plainly the evaporator house, albeit a lot littler in size that the primary structure, speaks to a more noteworthy wellbeing risk to the site laborers as it contains asbestos, oil tanks, water tanks and a great deal of channel work. To diminish the presentation of the faculty to such dangers, it has been chosen to wreck and make safe the evaporator house first before beginning with the primary structure. 3.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Phase 4: Demolition of Main Building The principle building will be crushed physically beyond what many would consider possible. So as to contain the clamor and air contamination however much as could reasonably be expected, the outside dividers and rooftop will be kept up until the whole inside has been crushed. The inward parcels don't add to the basic quality and dependability of the structure and it is in this way protected to crush them. The floors do give some horizontal dependability to the dividers and won't be expelled until an elective impermanent help isn't given to the dividers. 3.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Phase 5: Site Reinstatement After the destruction is finished, the site must be freed from residual flotsam and jetsam and decommissioning of site workplaces and different offices introduced with the end goal of the site. The site workplaces and government assistance offices will be evacuated. The condition of leftover sullying must be evaluated and if any medicinal move should be made, it ought to be finished. The finishing ought to be restored. At long last, the fencing and screens will be expelled and the site gave over. 3.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Other Elements The Principal Contractor ought to likewise know about the accompanying: Traffic Management, an expanded mindfulness is required for traffic control to and from the site from the South and East sides. The South side advertisement

buy custom Types of Crime essay

purchase custom Types of Crime exposition Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) information is a dependable arrangement of wrongdoing insights that the United States utilizes in law authorization organization, activity and the board (Siegel, 2010). The United States has encountered an assortment of violations in the ongoing occasions. Such wrongdoings incorporate homicide, irritated ambush, coercive assault, pyromania, thievery, engine vehicle burglary, theft and robbery burglary (Siegel, 2010). This conversation will consider the point by point depiction of the most widely recognized violations that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has given as UCR information. Murder and non-careless homicide allude to the hardheaded executing wherein an individual slaughters someone else (Siegel, 2010). The United States utilize the UCR in the estimation of this wrongdoing. Estimation of illegal conflagration cases includes the UCR information, which the FBI distributes. Murder guilty parties can be either male or female whose ages go from 5 years to 49 years (Siegel, 2010). Those people, who carry out homicide wrongdoing most much of the time, are people having a place with the age scope of 20 years to 24 years of age. Most homicide casualties are eighteen years of age or more established. Murder episodes can happen in disconnected spots to keep away from interference. The quantity of homicide episodes is declining step by step (Siegel, 2010). Exasperated ambush alludes to an offense where an individual unlawfully assaults another, so as to dispense disturbed or extreme real injury (Siegel, 2010). UCR is vital in the estimation of this wrongdoing. Estimation of fire related crime cases includes the UCR information, which the FBI distributes. People beneath eighteen years old can submit irritated ambushes, yet most guilty parties are eighteen years of age or more established. Most casualties of bothered attack are grown-ups who own weapons. This offense can occur in an assortment of spots, particularly where the casualty is distant from everyone else. Be that as it may, the quantity of irritated ambushes is declining slowly (Siegel, 2010) Persuasive assault alludes to the sex with of females coercively and against their desire (Siegel, 2010). This class incorporates ambushes or endeavors to submit assault by a danger of power. The estimation of persuasive assault incorporates the introduction of the quantity of coercive assault as the UCR information. Guilty parties are generally guys who are eighteen years of age or more established (Siegel, 2010). This is on the grounds that most men become youths when they are around eighteen years of age. The survivors of the coercive assault can be more youthful than 18 years old, however the majority of them are between 14 to 20 years of age or more established. Persuasive assault for the most part happens in confined spots, which are poor lit. The pace of persuasive assault in the United States is diminishing in a continuous way (Siegel, 2010). Burglary alludes to an endeavor of taking significant properties from the care, control, or care of an individual by viciousness or a danger of power (Siegel, 2010). Estimation of fire related crime cases includes the UCR information, which the FBI distributes. This encourages the estimation of theft cases on the grounds that the discoveries give information to calculations. This offense incorporates adolescents, teenagers, and grown-ups as guilty parties, yet grown-ups comprise the biggest rate since they own hazardous weapons, for example, guns. Theft casualties are generally grown-ups who own important properties, for example, cash, PC, or vehicle. Thefts can occur in homes, out and about or in business structures. The pace of theft wrongdoings increments step by step (Siegel, 2010). Siegel (2010) characterizes pyro-crime as a malignant or unyielding endeavor to ignite with or without a reason to swindle, different people groups properties, for example, an abode house, airplane or engine vehicle, or other individual properties. Estimation of pyro-crime cases includes the UCR information, which the FBI distributes. The neighborhood specialists report the quantity of theft cases to the cops who report the caases to the FBI to distribute the discoveries. A large portion of the fire related crime wrongdoers are men, and 50 percent of which are 18 years of age or more youthful (Siegel, 2010). Casualties of fire related crime are typically grown-ups who own important properties, for example, structures or vehicles. As a rule, the premise of pyromania is vengeance or oppression. Illegal conflagration can take puts in different places, for example, out and about, in business structures and in homes (Siegel, 2010). At long last, robbery, engine vehicle burglary, and robbery burglary are the property related misdemeanors, which include taking of different people groups properties. Robbery alludes to unlawful passage of a structure to submit a burglary or crime. There has been a decrease in the pace of thievery (Siegel, 2010). UCR information show a continuous increment in the pace of thefts. Engine vehicle burglary alludes to the robbery of an engine vehicle. UCR information show that the pace of engine vehicle robbery has been diminishing (Siegel, 2010). Burglary robbery alludes to diverting of properties from the helpful belonging or ownership of others. It is clear from the UCR information that the pace of robbery burglary has been declining continuously (Siegel, 2010). Guilty parties of thievery, engine vehicle burglary, and robbery burglary are generally grown-ups who own weapons, for example, guns (Siegel, 2010). The estimation of these violations incorporates the introduction of the quant ity of criminal cases as the UCR information. These offenses can occur in various spots including business structures. Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) information has made it workable for the United States to gauge the pace of violations that have a place both with the viciousness wrongdoing and to the property related misconduct. Calculation on the UCR information empowers the national government plan methods of lessening wrongdoings. The pace of most wrongdoings diminishes a seemingly endless amount of time after year due to different control quantifies that the government has established (Siegel, 2010). Purchase custom Types of Crime paper

The Life and Literature of Willa Cather Essay -- Authors

â€Å"The extraordinary characters in writing are conceived out of affection, frequently out of some wonderful experience of the writer† (Brown 1). Various authors draw quite a bit of their motivation for composing from stories they hear, places they have lived and visited, their youth, and individuals they know and know about in their lives. Willa Cather is no special case. The setting and places in Cather’s books are gotten from her movements, and where she lived. Cather’s most punctual beneficial encounters were likewise incorporated into her composition. The characters in Cather’s books depend on individuals in and around her life. Willa Cather’s excursions, and living arrangements; adolescence, and the individuals around her penetrate in her books The Professor’s House, and A Lost Lady. The primary district where Cather made her landscape after was her old neighborhood of Red Cloud, Nebraska. Willa Cather was conceived in Back Creek Valley, Virginia; she and her family moved to Nebraska four years after the fact. Inside A Lost Lady, the home of Captain Daniel Forrester, and spouse Marian is portrayed by the storyteller as â€Å"[standing] on a low round hill†, and â€Å"[standing] near a fine cottonwood woods that tossed shielding arms to left and right†. Cather paints a beautiful perspective on the manor having a place with then senator Silas and Lyra Garber, his significant other. Sweet Water, the town where A Lost Lady happens intently looks like Red Cloud. In correlation, Susan Rosowski, famous Cather researcher depicts the home of the Garber’s having â€Å"a cottonwood forest, the shade of the quickly developing trees made the spot a most loved for picnics and other get-togethers for the individuals in the town, including youthful Willa Ca ther† (Rosowski and Ronning 194). The Forrester’s house chose to fuse in A Lost Lady was, doubtlessly a position of comfort a... ... Woman, Willa Cather Scholarly Edition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003. 190-201. Print. Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. After the World Broke in Two: The Later Novels of Willa Cather. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990. Print. The Professor's House. Cyclopedia Of Literary Characters, Revised Third Edition. 1998. 1-2. Abstract Resource Center. Web. 26 April 2012. Van Ghent, Dorothy. Willa Cather. Willa Cather: Modern Critical Views. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1985. 71-73. Print. Wilson, Anna. Accepted Relations: Willa Cather, America, and The Professor's House. Texas Studies in Literature and Language (2005): 61-74. Writing Reference Center. Web. Woodress, James. Willa Cather: A Literary Life. College of Nebraska Press, 1987. Print. â€. Willa Cather: Her Life and Art. New York: Pegasus, 1970. Print.

Midsummer Nights Dream - Ms. Tuft - Free Essay Example

Do you know the real story behind love? Love can be a great thing but it’s not always as magical as it seems. Love can be a dangerous game you just have to figure out if you’re willing to play. In the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream, the characters seem to get their magical happy ending, but to get there it wasn’t easy Shakespeare made many difficult obstacles that they had to go through to get to the place they all wanted to get to. Shakespeare uses allusions, symbols, and irony to show the difficulty of love. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare uses allusions to show the difficulty of love. An example would be â€Å"Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind; And therefore is wing’d cupid painted blind: Nor hath Love’s mind of any judgement taste; Wings and no eyes figure unheedy haste: And therefore is Love said to be a child, Because in choice he is so oft beguiled. (1.1.237)† Helena is the one that states allusion to help the readers understand the appearance of cupid himself, and to understand that love doesn’t come from the looks of the person but the person themself. â€Å"Cupid is a knavish lad, Thus to make poor females mad. (3.2.469-470)† Puck states this allusion also referring to cupid that he is an untrusting boy that makes women upset because of the mischief that cupid brings. In comparison allusions and symbols are a lot a like because they both make references to an object to find a deeper meaning. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare uses symbols to show the difficulty of love. An example of a symbols would be â€Å"But, O, methinks how slow this old moon. (1.1.3-4)† this example is referring to Theseus and Hippolytas wedding that is approaching. Theseus is stating this line because he’s saying that the moon can’t move fast enough to bring in the new day so the wedding will happen sooner because he is excited for his big day. â€Å"Yet marked I where the bolt of Cupid fell. It fell upon a little western flower, Before, milk-white, now purple with love’s wound, And maidens call it â€Å"lov e-in-idleness.† (2.1.171-174)† This symbol represents how the missed arrow from cupid hit this little flower that was one white now purple filled with the magic to inflict anyone the power of love at first sight with the oils the petals created. Lastly symbols can be ironic because in the end the symbols meanings can be humorous. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare uses irony to show the difficulty of love. An example would be â€Å"Get you gone, you dwarf, You minimus of hindring knotgrass made, You bead, you acorn. (3.2. 346-347).† This is dramatic irony because loving Lysander is telling his love Hermia that he loves fair Helena and that he wants nothing to do with Hermia anymore, because of the love potion that puck put in his eyes is fooling Lysander on who he actually loves because Helena was the first person he saw when he awoke. â€Å"Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword and won thy love doing thee injuries (1.1.17-18).† This example is situational irony because Theseus is stating that he won over Hippolyta by injuring her and that usually doesn’t make a person fall in love. Shakespeare showed the complications that love carried with it by using allusions, symbols, and irony. Shakespeare uses allusion by alluding to cupid and leaving love to the chance, and symbolism by the flower representing the love that Queen Elizabeth never received because cupids arrow missed her, and the moon represents the romance throughout most of the play since it all seems to be going on at night. Shakespeare also uses the characters for irony when they insult one another for a humorous effect. Now figuring out the truth about love and how it has it’s good times and the rough patches, you have one important thing to ask yourself are you willing to play the game?

The Scent Of Green Mango - 1634 Words

â€Å"The Scent of Green Papaya† is a 1993 seductive drama that was written and directed by Tran Anh Huang in colonial Vietnam. This film was set in Saigon, Vietnam in 1951 following the life of a 10 year old girl, Mui played by Lu Man San who was hired to be the servant of a wealthy merchant family and is later taken under the wing of the housekeeper who teaches her how to perform the necessary daily tasks such as cooking and cleaning which Mui does with grace. As Mui performs her tasks she learns that the family is dealing with some hardships and that the family is mourning the death of their daughter To, who would have been the same age as her. As Mui spends more time around the family, the mistress begins to look to Mui as her own†¦show more content†¦Soon after a young boy enters, walking to the dinner table asking the father to go for some tea with his friend. Within these three minutes I saw how the director and cinematographer used camera movement to show the audience the family’s dynamic through the eyes of Mui. The opening shot beginning at 11:00 started off in a low angle, medium wide shot. Which then led the camera to follow the mistress and Mui from the outdoor kitchen into the house. As Mui got to the dinner table the camera ended up in a wide shot revealing the father and sons seated at the dinner table all taking place in one continuous long shot, tilting and panning according to the movement of the actors. As Mui walked off screen the there was a seamless edit, cutting to Khuyen entering the screen asking for permission to go for some tea with his friends. From there, there were a few quick cuts getting reaction shots of the two young boys and their father. The next shot began with an immediate pan left as Mui was walking into the shot, the mistress was also walking into the shot coming down the stairs. They were coming f rom two different directions but they both landed in the frame at the same time. The camera was set in a position where they were able to get both actors crossing paths and as they reached the same point in the frame the camera panned displaying the father and kids at the table in a medium wide shot. InShow MoreRelatedNature by H.D Carbery1311 Words   |  6 Pagessun shines on the lush green canefields- Magnificently. The days when the rain beats like bullet on the roofs And there is no sound but thee swish of water in the gullies And trees struggling in the high Jamaica winds. Also there are the days when leaves fade from off guango trees’ And the reaped canefields lie bare and fallow to the sun. But best of all there are the days when the mango and the logwood blossom When bushes are full of the sound of bees and the scent of honey, When the tallRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Marketing Mix1061 Words   |  5 PagesANALYSIS 1. Product Our brand name is Unique Scent and the product we are offering is customized perfume. We offer premium quality, using the best European ingredients and raw materials. Here is our brand mark – The store offers over 50 exclusive pure essences of fragrance to choose from, that gives cus-tomers unique possibility to experience creating their own perfume. It is possible to test entire product range in the store to create personal scent. The fragrance notes are as below : Rose MelonRead MoreBrand analysis/ IMC Analysis on Lipton Ice Tea, Oishi Green Tea, Fuji Green Tea.2238 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Brand analysis/ IMC Analysis on Lipton Ice Tea, Oishi Green Tea, Fuji Green Tea. Brand analysis consist of 4P s In 2005, the tea industry reached the $1.7 billion category and it is expected to continue growing indefinitely (Mintel 2005). Market analysts believe the tea industry will continue to boom and is not expected to reach saturation level in the near future. The favorable movement in the tea industry can be attributed to two major factors: A consumers need for convenience and time-savingRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Green Day1500 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the best days I’ve ever had was going to a Green Day concert with my friends during spring break this year. The show was in Champaign, which is a place I’ve never been to before. It was my first time seeing Green Day, one of my favorite bands, so I was looking forward to that day. We were in school when we came up with this idea. Lupita, Jennifer and I were sitting in our usual seats for movie club. Our junior English teacher, Mr. Madsen, did not have the movie ready, so while we waited forRead MoreKhufcnjm, Lcvbn Bvgfgh; J1195 Words   |  5 Pagestends to be flat and lack fruit qualities. Typical taste in varietal wine: sauvignon blanc normally shows a herbal character suggesting bell pepper or freshly mown grass. The dominating flavors range from sour green fruits of apples, pears and gooseberries through to tropical fruits of melon, mango and blackcurrant. Quality unoaked Sauvignon Blancs will display smokey qualities; they require bright aromas and a strong acid finish and are best grown in cool climates. Riesling (Rees-ling) Food pairings:Read MoreThe Body Shop Marketing Report2855 Words   |  12 PagesPsychological Factor Each person has different perception and personality; therefore the scent of each flavor becomes different and they all have different personality. The Body Shop have 12 different scents which are Satsuma, Sweet Lemon, Coconut, Pink Grapefruit, Shea, Cocoa, Strawberry, Brazil, Moringa, Chocomania, Mango, and Olive. Each flavor defines each woman’s personality. For example, for women who like mango scent, tends to love joining different kind of activities and cannot be easily influencedRead MoreConsumer Analysis on Frozen Yogurt6385 Words   |  26 Pagesan idea on what yogurt is and simply mentioning it evoked the idea of healthy from their memory. Next to place, both with 13% are yummy and Red Mango. Obviously, Red Mango is heading the right direction, just its consumers hearing frozen yogurt and making them remember the brand. Red Mango is a good sign especially for the manager of the company. Red Mango does a solid job in terms of making themselves aware to the public. They managed to build a firm name in the frozen yogurt industry. The consumers’Read MoreSea Syllabus9016 Words   |  37 PagesPlants used as f ood- cabbage ,lettuce, tomato, eddoes, peppers, dasheen,,cassava, bodi ,corn fruits {2 lessons} Plants used for medical purposes –aloe vera , wonder of the world, wild senna ,and fever grass, caraille Trees with dense foliage e.g. mango, almond, chennette, and banyan. TEACHING/ LEARNING ACTIVITIES Collect specimens, nature walks, and chats Charts ,pictures, charts, nature corner, nature walks Show and tell Nature walk Making models Plaster seed Drawings Collect pictures Pictures ChartsRead MoreHimachal Pradesh an Overview9238 Words   |  37 Pagesfrom mid- Feb to March-April. The air is cool and fresh. Colourful flowers adorn the valleys, forest slopes and meadows. In the hill stations, the climate is pleasant and comfortable.The rains start at the end of June. The entire landscape becomes green and fresh. Streams begin to swell and springs are replenished. The heavy rains in July and August cause damage to erosion, floods and landslides. Dharamshala has the highest rainfall of 3400mm. Spiti is the driest area (below 50mm rainfall) being enclosedRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesis therefore restricted, although the words included are freely and helpfully illustrated in sentences. The authors include a brief review of four earlier Igbo works concerned partly or wholly with lexicography (Adams 1932, Swift and others 1962, Green and Igwe 1963, Ogbalu 1962), and their comments will not be repeated here. Several works can, however, be added to the list; The earliest Igbo dictionary (as opposed to the early wordlist3) to be published was Crowthers Vocabulary of the Ibo language

The Fate Of The White Elephant - 1602 Words

The Fate of The White Elephant (Draft) The short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway is an argument between the man and a woman about abortion. It shows how an unexpected â€Å"white elephant† can affect their relationship, force them to bring life changing decisions, and present a threat to their self-identity. Besides the main argument, the author through the scenery and the dialog are presenting other conflicts and arguments. Some of them are the nonverbal communication, what choices they have, and the couple’s future. The author of the story, Ernest Hemingway, was born in 1861 in the Chicago suburbs. In his life, he traveled to different places in the world, and he was married four times. During the Spanish Civil War,†¦show more content†¦Although it seems simple, the story carries a couple of parallel explanations about the situation. Hemingway has never mentioned the word in his story, but the main topic of conversation between the couple is abortion. First of a ll, the story shows the balance of power of the man and the woman in the relationship. After finding that Jig is pregnant, the man is trying to talk her into having an â€Å"awfully simple operation†. (Hemingway) When it comes to power in the relationship, at first the man is trying to be dominant. He does not show any interest in the woman’s health, and he is insensitive to Jig’s needs. Hemingway in the story represents the American as a â€Å"man who wants his woman to serve solely as the source of his sexual pleasure, who denies her the motherhood that she desires.† (Holder). However, soon after, he receives a rejection from Jig. â€Å"I know we will. You don’t have to be afraid. I’ve known lots of people that have done it.† † So have I. And afterwards they were all so happy.† (Hemingway) . The woman is trying to tell the man that she does not want to end up regretting this decision that can ruin her life. She is trying to stop the man of talking nonsense and that she knows about the effects of such procedure. In the next dialog Hemingway is defining the pregnancy by using the â€Å"hills† and the â€Å"white elephants† to describe the relationship: The girl was looking off at the line of hills.Show MoreRelatedErnest Hemingway s Life As A Writer1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthe dialogue of his short stories such as, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†. â€Å"’They look like white elephants,† she said. â€Å"I’ve never seen one,† the man drank his beer. â€Å"No, you wouldn’t have.† â€Å"I might have,† the man said. â€Å"Just because you say I wouldn’t have doesn’t prove anything.’† (Hemingway, Lit). This cut and dry excerpt of dialogue shows just how little â€Å"fluff† Hemingway wrote into his short stories. It is â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† that adequately depicts Hemingway’s â€Å"Iceberg Theory†Read MoreShooting an Elephant Literary Analysis895 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† demonstrates the total dangers of the unlimited authority a state has and the astounding presentment of â€Å"future dystopia†. In the story, Orwell finds himself to be in an intricate situation that involves an elephant. Not only does the fate of the elephant’s life lie in Orwell’s hands, he has an audience of people behind him cheering him on, making his decision much more difficult to make. Due to the vast crowd surrounding his thoughts, Orwell kills the elephant in the end,Read MoreErnest Hemingway s `` Indian Camp `` And Hills Like White Elephants ``928 Words   |  4 PagesHemingway’s â€Å"Indian Camp† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, Bauer attempts to bring her own feminist perspective to Hemingwayâ€⠄¢s notoriously misogynistic texts to prove that there are more to his female characters than there is on the surface and to possibly emasculate his reputation of portraying women as powerless and one-dimensional characters. Dr. Bauer’s overall argument regarding the position of women in Hemingway’s â€Å"Indian Camp† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† is that each woman in their own storyRead MoreEssay on Dependence to Independence in Hills Like White Elephants862 Words   |  4 PagesDependence to Independence in Hills Like White Elephants  Ã‚   In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the lives of Jig and the American, the main characters, are put on display for a brief period of time.   Jig and the man have had a romantic relationship for quite some time, and now their future together is in jeopardy.   The impregnation of Jig has caused the American to pressure her into getting an abortion.   We find these two individuals in the Valley of the Ebro.   Traveling fromRead More George Orwells Shooting an Elephant Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwells Shooting an Elephant In Shooting an Elephant, George Orwell finds himself in a difficult situation involving an elephant. The fate of the elephant lies in his hands. Only he can make the final decision. In the end, due to Orwells decision, the elephant lay dying in a pool of blood. Orwell wins the sympathy of readers by expressing the pressure he feels as an Anglo-Indian in Burma, struggling with his morals, and showing a sense of compassion for the dying animal. Read MoreCompare and Contrast to Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin and Hills Like White Elephants by Earnest Hemingway641 Words   |  3 Pagesbut then there are others who have decisions to make. They will go through an important stage in any relationship, the make it or break it stage. The two stories that I will be analyzing will be â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† by Earnest Hemingway. In both stories the characters found out how babies can be a deciding factor in a relationship, and that’s what I will be focusing on. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† the morale of the story is â€Å"we often get into trouble when we assume†Read More Comparing Where Are you going, Where Have You Been and Hills Like White Elephants1320 Words   |  6 PagesAuthors of great stories often use good technical writing skills. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast two short stories: Where Are you going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates and Hills Like White Elephants by Earnest Hemingway. The comparison and contrast will be done based on their use of plot, point of view and character development. The short story where are you going, where have you been is about a teenage girl who is, vain, self-doubting and affixed in the presentRead MoreSummary Of Hills Like White Elephants 909 Words   |  4 Pages Essay Responses to Short Stories Discuss possible symbolic representations in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†? In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† the white elephant symbolizes a negative thing. No person would want anything to do with this. For example, the girl’s unborn child. In the beginning of the story the girl made a comment, and she said that the surrounding hills resemble white elephants. You may think the comment wasn’t unusual, but it really leads towards her talking about herRead MoreThe World of Fiction666 Words   |  3 Pagesdevelop a lifelike image of women. He explored through the interpretation of their respective fates, women with a variety of personality types living in a variety of circumstances. His unique style specializes in psychological description  and reveals his characters’ inner conflict. Fiction can use various symbols to imply real things happened in the world. Hemingway’s short story--- Hills like White Elephants fully reflects his unique and classic writing style. The story seems simple, but actuallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1517 Words   |  7 PagesShivani Patel Hum 101-007 King, Paul 5 December 2015 Female Disempowerment in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† Ernest Hemingway uses his in-depth ability of foreshadowing to provide the reader with little information on the stories background or future events to come. At first glance, the discussion that takes place in story seems like a minor argument between a couple at a train station in Spain. However, upon deeper analysis, this piece takes

Irrefutably Insane free essay sample

â€Å"Even if I say, Itll be alright, Still I hear you say, You want to end your life, Now and again we try, To just stay alive, Maybe well turn it all around, Cause its not too late, Its never too late. No one will ever see, This side reflected, And if theres something wrong, Who would have guessed it, And I have left alone, Everything that I own, To make you feel like, Its not too late.† I hear these lyrics and I can’t help but feel the intense urge to spill by emotions onto the floor beneath me, but I regain consciousness of the world around me and try to stay calm in my desperation. October 17, 2011 is a day I’ll never forget, no matter how hard I wish to. â€Å"I’m so sorry; we did all that we could.† One sentence is all it took to turn my whole world upside down. We will write a custom essay sample on Irrefutably Insane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Denial is all that I was at that moment; it was all that I was able to be. Feeling frozen in time, I stood there in front of the chapel doors; my brain refused to process the situation. An irrefutable mistake, a scarring experience, the life of a fifteen year old cut way too short; this was the moment my life changed, this is the influence that decides the next steps I take. The distressed footsteps pounding up the stairs, at such a fast pace, was the first clue that something happened. Three words to make me rush to the car, an instant for me to piece together the situation, five minutes to be at the front door of her house. She had a history of trying things like this, but never in a million years would I have thought it’d get this serious. Of course, we weren’t let in, blocked by police and detectives. I asked for any kind of information, anything at all. All the officer said was, â€Å"I’m sorry, but this is a crime scene.† That’s the moment where I knew what happened; I was sure of it, the officer confirmed it, but I was still in denial. I can remember everything so clearly, as if it happened just yesterday, even though it’s already been over a month. Some hours spent in the hospital helped the news sink in. â€Å"She’s never waking up, she’s never walking out of this hospital with me, sheâ⠂¬â„¢s never going to hear me tell her how much I love her, then when she’s all better, tell her how stupid she is when this is all over. I remember the hysteria in the hospital so vividly I could feel the heartbreaking emotions as if it happened just now; the hysteria caused by my cousin’s death. She was a huge piece of my life, a piece that still seems a little too unreal to find missing. I can honestly say that now I’m able to accept it, not happily, but thankfully. Losing her broke me to pieces but, it also made me. They say hard times can either make or break a person but, this time I believe both scenarios took place. Valerie was an artist, a writer, a dancer; she was special beyond compare. She had big plans for the future; potential to the point of an almost guaranteed successful future. Unfortunately, it’s only after a death that you begin to reflect on one’s life. Piecing together her life forced me to reflect on my own. Realizations about who Valerie really was hit me like the crash of a wave on a wall of rocks; she was trapped in her own mind with no outlet caused by the â€Å"demons† within her, fighting till the end was all she could do before they ate her alive. That’s how my religion explains it, and that what I really believ e happened. Being a Roman Catholic, it scared me, that maybe she wouldn’t be let into the Kingdom of God because maybe He didn’t accept people like her; it scared me to the point where I’d break down until I felt like I couldn’t cry anymore. All I wished for was her happiness, in life, and in death. No one really knows what happens after death, if there even is life after death. Aside from being Catholic, I’m a human being; I question many things, including the statement that life goes on. Its kept me awake nights, wondering. I lie in the dark, just asking why. Ive always been told you wont be called home until its your time; I guess heaven was needing a soldier somebody just like Valerie, brave enough to stand up for what you believe in and follow it through, and when I try to make it make sense in my mind the only conclusion I come to is heaven was needing a soldier. I’ve tried to be the influence on her life but, now it seems that she’s my influence. It was supposed to be us against the world; I was supposed to be the one that took her away from all the chaos in her life, the one that changed her, the one that made her realize there’s more to life than all the negativity going on at the moment, that there actually are things you can be genuinely happy about. And because I wasn’t able to make that happen, I feel it’s my responsibility to make every moment count, good or bad, and turn it into a learning experience. When I recall the day of October 17th, I feel the hearts of my family lighting a fire in me, making me strong; strong enough to take this bitter-sweet tragedy and use these emotions to try to make a difference in other lives because, no matter how irrefutably insane I may be in my own mind, it’s not too late, it’s never too late.

Intolerance in Nigeria free essay sample

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between religion and sustainable development, as well as the role of Nigerian intellectuals in ameliorating religious crisis in the country. Religion, as a system of faith is based on belief in the existence of a particular God or gods, to some extent, influences or contributes in developing and coordinating the expression of the capacities latent in human nature for the progress of the society. All the elements that made up the resources originating from human are expressed in their actions, behaviour and daily activities, either in positive and constructive ways, or in a negative and destructive ways, especially with respect to their inherent power to generate value by leveraging other production variables for economic growth and development. Empirical results obtained, using descriptive analysis approach, indicate that religion plays an important role in shaping the moral and social values necessary for development. Based on these findings, some recommendations are offered which include: Re-examine education policies in the light of its contribution to individual growth and to bring about fundamental structural changes in society, changes which are necessary for the creation of a just, peaceful, and harmonious environment, hence teachers and other intellectuals must be a model of nobility, selfactualization and discipline, since sound character is ultimately more important than intellectual brilliance. We will write a custom essay sample on Intolerance in Nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Keywords: Religion, Economic growth, Amelioration, Tolerance and Intellectuals. INTRODUCTION A religion can be broadly described as a set of common belief and practices generally held by a group of people. Oxford Learner Dictionary described religion as a system of faith that is based on belief in the existence of a particular God or gods. According to Oke, Oloruntimehin and Akinola (1996), it is generally accepted by social scientists that people’s religious beliefs and their social organizations are closely interrelated. They quoted Emile, as noted that religion is a social artifact symbolizing what a society considers sacred and the most sacred thing to any society is the society itself. In view of this, religion provides an organized picture of the universe and establishes a more or less orderly relationship between man and his surroundings. Early economists and other researchers have paid little attention to any link between religion and economic development, rather it is seen as something personal between man and his God. The early relationship between religion and economic was established by Marx, who was of the opinion that the strength of an economy would influenced a religion or belief. However, the like of Max Weber, an eminent sociologist of early 20th century was of contra opinion. According to him, the source of the growth of the western economy is religion, especially the reformation of protestant and its doctrine about 40 Religion and Economic Development: the Role of Nigerian Intellectuals Saheed, Zakaree S. and Alofun, G. O. O. simplicity and moral responsibility to work (Skousen, 2007). Weber Marx (1930), believe that capitalism originated from religious ideals and not historical materialism. Specifically, the protestant reformation teachings changed the western culture, and led to the rise of capitalism, which in turn led to the growth and development of their economy. Islam as a religion also played a positive role in the development of the Arab society and transformed it to such a remarkable extent that it not only overcame its own handicaps but also brought about a revolutionary change in the societies that came under its influence (Charpra, 1998). Barro and McCleary (2003) suggested that higher rates of religious beliefs stimulate growth because they help to sustain the aspect of individual behaviour that enhances productivity. The higher number of church or mosque attendance, for instance, tends to depressed growth because it signifies a greater use of esources including land, buildings and other capital, by the religious sector. However, that suppression of growth is tempered by the extent to which church or mosque attendance leads to greater religion beliefs, which in turn encourages economic growth. In Nigeria, traditional communities are essentially religious. In these communities, religion is kinship based because it governs the peopleâ⠂¬â„¢s lineage or family relationships; it governs the doctrine of collective responsibility and forms the basis of the family, which in turn is the basic unit of social control. Indeed, religion is so important in the society as a form of social control because of people’s adherence to religion, whether traditional, Christian or Islam (Ikporukpo, 2001), which are the recognized religions in Nigeria, though the last two are more pronounced. Christianity and Islam, especially have a great influence on the daily lives of Nigerians, and plays a significant role in the socio-political and economic development. According to Nwite and Wilson (2010), churches in Nigeria has contributed immensely to the economic development of the country through investment in different sectors of the economy like real estate, capital market, shopping complex and schools. The essence of economic and human development embodied health, for which life expectancy is taken as a reasonable gauge; knowledge, which is expressed as a combination of literacy rates and average years of schoolings; and per capital income (Lynn, 2001). Any effort put forward towards the development of these determining factors would amount to stirring the economy towards development. Given the foregoing, the paper proposes to critically examine/analyses: i. The contribution of religion to the education sector in Nigeria. ii. The role of religion in the development of health sector in Nigeria. iii. The role of religion towards creation of job opportunities in Nigeria. iv. The role of religion and Nigerian Intellectuals in socio-ethnic crisis in Nigeria. To this end, the paper is organized into five sections. Following this introduction is section II, which focuses on conceptual issues. Section III discusses the role of religion on economic development in Nigeria. Section IV analyses the role of religion on socio-ethnic crisis in Nigeria, while section V summarises the findings and offer policy recommendation. 41 Journal of Social Science and Public Policy Volume 3, December 2011 CONCEPTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT There are different conceptions of development. First, it could be viewed as the development of the mind in which case the humanity of man is no longer subjugated to nature, but has transcended the confines of nature to progressively understand the whole of the world in order to be able to develop from it an environment which is most suitable for him. Moreso, economic development means sustained and sustainable growth per capita income, accompanied by diversification of production, reduction in absolute poverty, and expanding economic opportunities for all citizens (Lynn, 2003). The definition implies an economic growth which can be maintained over a long period of time. Moreso it requires diversification of economic activities so that the nation can be producing variety of goods and services, with the economy gradually progressing from primary, to secondary and then to tertiary economy. This should be able to create an expanding opportunities for people to make a choice of work and earn income through which they can improve their lives and able to participate in the social life of the community. Most importantly, there should be reduction in the level of absolute poverty in the country. The conception of development also connote growth with changes, which usually demands significant structural transformation within a country, and that includes the reorganization and reorientation of the economic and social systems, radical arrangements in installations and administrative structures, as well as reorientations in popular attitudes, customs and belief (Ogunkola and Egwaikhide, 2001). In contemplating development, more than access to goods and services is at stake. As such, in measuring level of development, the Physical Quality of Life (PQL) is considered, and it is equal weighting of an infant mortality rate, life expectancy, and basic literacy. However the United Nations Development’s version of development measurement refers to as Human Development Index (HDI) incorporates an income measure. All these elements considered in measuring the level of development of a nation are subject of level of development of the health and educational sectors, where the eligious sectors in Nigeria has contributed, as can be seen in the Holy Scriptures. For instance: Both religions in Nigeria, that is, Christianity and Islam recognize that the created universe is subjected to man for the enrichment and fulfillment of his life (Quran 45:12-13, 14:32-34 and Genesis 1:26-28). More so, contrary to the view that religion only emphasis faith and not works, the Bible and Qur’an invite men to labour and action (Qur’an 13: 11, 2:275 and Exodus 20 :9, Proverbs 16:3, 2. Thessalonians 3:10). All the elements that made up the resources originating from human are expressed in their actions, behaviour and daily activities, either in positive and constructive ways, or in a negative and destructive ways (Zainun, 2006), especially with respect to their inherent power to generate value by leveraging other production variables for economic growth development. In carrying out development activities, religion provides some code of norms and obligations which subject man to regulations necessary for the progress of the society. 2 Religion and Economic Development: the Role of Nigerian Intellectuals Saheed, Zakaree S. and Alofun, G. O. O. The Role of Religion in Nigerian Economic Development Religion has contributed much to development of human race, and it will be totally absurd to ignore the contributions of religion, especially Christianity and Islam. Both religious communities have become the key determinants of history and destiny of the nation, and its vast population, as well as deciding the course of development and building of the nation. Religion is given a reasonable degree of recognition by governments of Nigeria and some other countries as a major factor determining the stability of a nation. The roles of religion in economic development are more pronounced in the educational and health sectors, as well as creation of job opportunities. The Role of Religion in Educational Sector in Nigeria Education is a continuous and creative process which aimed at developing the capacities latent in human nature, and coordinate their expression for the enrichment and progress of ociety, by equipping students with spiritual, moral and material knowledge. Education in terms of the knowledge, qualities, skills, attitudes and capacities that enable individuals to become conscious subjects of their growth and active responsible participants in a systemic process of building a new world order. In Nigeria, Christian missions pioneered the establishment of primary and secondary schools, and ever since then the two religions, that is, C hristianity and Islam, have played a significant role in the establishment of schools in Nigeria. As the primary schools and their products multiplied, secondary schools were established to satisfy the demand for higher education. The Catholic Missionary Society (CMS) established the C. M. S. Grammar School in Lagos in 1859, followed by the Methodist Boys’ High School in 1879 and St. Gregory’s College, established by the Catholic in 1881. It is on this foundation that secondary schools education has rested in Nigeria (Olurode, 1999). Many other religion based secondary schools later emerged. These include, Ahmadiyya Grammar School, Anwar-Ul-Islam Grammar School, St. Theresa College, Islamic High School, Ebira Muslim Community College among many. The religious sector in Nigeria is also involved in establishment of higher institutions, to enhance government effort towards educational development. Among the religion based private higher institutions in Nigeria are listed in table 1. 0 below: Table 1. 0 Some religion based private higher institutions in Nigeria S/N Institution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. Bowen University, Iwo-Osun State Fountain University, Osogbo- Ondo state Founder/Sponsor The Baptist NASFAT Islam Bishop Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo – Anglican Churches Oyo state Al-Hikama University, Ilorin – Kwara State Islamic Foundation (AROIF) and Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY) Redeemer University, Lagos state The Redeemed Churches Wesley University of Technology, Ondo The Methodist churches State. Covenant University, Lagos state Living Faith Church World 43 Journal of Social Science and Public Policy Volume 3, December 2011 . 10. Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Osun state Christ Apostolic Church VERITAS University (Catholic University of The Catholic Churches Nigeria), Abuja. Source: Culled by the authors from lists of private universities in Nigeria The Contribution of Religion to the Health Sector in Nigeria The spread of western ideas including medicine and social welfare also owed much to the advent of religion in Nigeria. According to Olurode (1997), by the end of the nineteen century, the hospital; was as effective as the school. By 1914, various missions had established hospitals such as the C. M. S. Iyi Enu Hospital near Onitsha, the Wesley Guide Hospital in Ilesha, the Baptist Hospital in Ogbomosho and the Sacred Heart Hospital of the Society for African Missions in Abeokuta. Missionary involvement had, as its aim, the eradication of superstitious beliefs about such diseases as smallpox. In Yoruba land, for instance, the god of smallpox shoponna had a strong hold on the people which took western medicine, specifically vaccines to break. Even where orthodox medicine failed, some religion has been playing a significant role to proffer spiritual solution to cure illness. The Role of Religion and Nigerian Intellectuals on Socio-ethnic Crisis in Nigeria According to UNHCR (2008) as quoted by Saheed and Alofun (2010), since 1999, more than 10,000 Nigerians have been killed and more properties worth billions of naira have been destroyed in sectarian and communal attacks and reprisals between Muslims and Christians. The most serious of these clashes occurred in Kaduna state in February and May 2000, and November 2002; Jos, Plateau state in September 2001; Kano state and Yelwa, Plateau state between February and May, 2004; and in the northern and southeastern Nigeria in the wake of the controversy over depictions of the Prophet Muhammad in the Danish press in February 2006. Table 2. 0. Some of the Religious Crises in Nigeria in the last one decade Date Events Victims Sept. 2001 July, 2007 Sept. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2008 July, 2009 Violent clashes between Muslims and Christians in 3,000 people killed Jos, Plateau state. Violent clashes between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims over 5 people killed the murder of a Sunni cleric in Sokoto Rioting in the northern state of Kano 19 people killed Three churches burned in the northern state of 10 people killed Bauchi Violent clashes over disputed election result which 400 people killed degenerated into religion crisis in Jos, Plateau state Two days battle with radical Islamists in two northern 150 people killed cities of Yobe and Bauchi Source: Culled by the Authors from the records of UNHCR, GlobalSecurity. org and Mail and Guardian online, 2009 44 Religion and Economic Development: the Role of Nigerian Intellectuals Saheed, Zakaree S. and Alofun, G. O. O. All these events, as shown in table 2. 0 above, have a negative effect on Nigerian economy in terms of capital and loss of lives, especially manpower or human resources with high productivity potentials. In each of these events the role of Nigerian intellectuals calls for question. In the two widely acknowledged religions in Nigeria, that is, the Christianity and Islam, the leaders are intellectuals who are well educated, many of whom are holders of various degrees ranging from bachelor, to masters and even doctorate. They are very influential among their followers and the congregations. Their words are like policy within that congregation. They are leaders who are supposed to articulate an ideological vision congruent with deeply held value of the country. They are supposed to engage in alignment, with interpretive orientations such that the country’s interest, value and belief as well as these religions activities, goals and ideology becomes congruent and complementary. Universal education must be relevant to he true needs of a community and contribute to the unification of mankind, in such a way that it will enable the people to move in the direction of their own chosen field and help them appreciate those universal qualities that distinguish the human race (Saheed, 2008). However, a situation where misunderstanding between two people in a community degenerated into communal clashes that claimed several lives, or members of congregation dispersed from their places of worship and created anarchy in the street, then the impact of the message of such religion leader becomes questionable. Is it a sermon of peace or hatred? CONCLUSION AND POLICY ISSUES Religion, especially Christianity and Islam, to some extent, has contributed to economic development either indirectly, by influencing and coordinate the expression of the capacities latent in human nature for the progress of the society, and by shaping the moral and social values necessary for development, or directly by its contribution to the growth of the educational and health sectors in Nigeria. However, religious intolerance among the people which often lead to crisis claiming several lives and destruction of properties has a negative impact on Nigerian economy. Adherents of the religious communities, to some extent, have lost focus of their responsibility towards nation building, and are embraced vices such religious fanaticism or intolerance and its attendant problems such as unending intensive strives, fight of superiority, loss of human and material resources. To promote religious tolerance towards national development, the religious communities in Nigeria must wake up to their responsibilities in home so that the problem of moral decadence plaguing the nation will radically reduced. Since many Nigerian families are facing the pangs of unemployment, inability to pay their children and wards school fees among other hardships, the religious bodies should resume their pioneering work in the area of health, education, industry and vocational training to assist the nation, especially in the area of human development. Education should be examined in the light of its contribution to individual growth and to bring about fundamental structural changes in society, changes which are necessary for the creation of a just, peaceful, and harmonious environment, hence teachers and other intellectuals must be a model of nobility, self-actualisation and discipline, since sound character is ultimately more important than intellectual brilliance. A well educated community 45 Journal of Social Science and Public Policy Volume 3, December 2011 ember is a determined yet humble participant, who helps overcome conflict and division thereby contributing to a spirit of unity and collaboration. Therefore, Nigerian education, like a universal education, must be relevant to the needs of the Nigerian communities and contribute to the unification of the people of Nigeria, regardless of their religion and race. It must enable the people both to move in the direction of their choice and help them appreciate those universal q ualities that distinguish the entire human race. REFERENCE Barro, J. B. and McClear, R. M. 2003), Religion and Growth, Havard University Press, U. S. A Ikporukpo, C. O. (2001). Government, Society and Economy. Ibadan: Stirling-Horden Publishers (Nig. ) Ltd. Lynn, S. R. (2003). Development Economics: World. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River Theory and Practice for a Divided Nwite, S. C. and Wilson, A. (2010). Churches in Nigeria and Investment Strategies: Problems and Prospect. Book of Abstract. Second World Congress on Research and Development, University of Ibadan. Oke, F. A. , et al. (1996). Introduction to Social Institutions. Ibadan: Akinlabi Fayinmi Ventures. Saheed, Z. S. (2008). Ebira: What Our Problems Is. http://jakomodebiravonyainternational. blogspot. com The Ebiras and the World. Saheed, Z. S. and Alofun, G. O. O, (2010). Nigeria, Five Decades of Sovereignty: Rich But Poor. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Development Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1. Skousen, M. , (2007). Modern Economics Theories. Indonesia: Prenada Media Group Publication. Sushmit, N. (2007). Religion Economic www. mpra. ub. uni-muechen. de/8181 Growth and Development. MPRA. Zainun, B. (2001). Indonesia Human Resources Development. Jakarta: PT. Gunung Agung Tbk. 46

Minorities and Indian Constitution Essays

Minorities and Indian Constitution Essays Minorities and Indian Constitution Essay Minorities and Indian Constitution Essay Minorities and our constitution: Historical Approach and its present relevance: Though Indian society has been plural from ancient times, the minority problem faced as faced by the framers of the Constitution is widely   believed to be the creation of the colonial regime. The plural Indian society has various groups – ethnic, religious and linguistic. They used to live harmoniously together with broad cultural unity. Even Islam co-existed with Hinduism. However, the British rule made a qualitative difference in the minority problem. It accepted the plural nature of the Indian society but stressed the importance of groups rather than individuals in the political processes and attempted to widen the gap among different groups based on ethnicity, religion, language and other interest in order to sub serve their imperial interest. In the words of Milton Gordon, British emphasized on  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcorporate pluralism’  rather than  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœliberal pluralism’ In corporate pluralism emphasis is on groups and individuals are treated as members of the group: in liberal pluralism emphasis is on individuals as citizens. The Corporate Pluralism led to the separation among groups and thereby it creates difficulty in national integration. The latter neo-liberal pluralism helps the process of national integration and nation building. The national leaders accepted that Indian society was plural and that any constitutional framework could not ignore it. However their concept of Indian plural society was based on ‘Liberal Pluralism’ which emphasized the fact that though an individual was a member of his group, he participated in the political system as a citizen. This concept, they hoped, would ultimately strengthen the national bond among different minority groups and which foster the approach was evident in the  Nehru Committee Report, 1928,  which recommended on one hand, joint mixed electorates and on the other hand favoured such fundamental rights for individuals as right to equality, freedom of religion, etc. With such constitution they believed, the problem of minority could be solved after the departure of the British. It was under the  Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946, that the Constituent Assembly was elected to frame constitution for India. The Cabinet Mission proposed he formation of an advisory committee on minorities, fundamental rights of individuals and to suggest measures for safeguarding interests of minorities. The advisory committee was set up under the chairmanship of Sardar Vallabhai Patel which commented:   The question of minorities cannot possibly be overrated. It has been created so far creating conflict, distrust and cleavages between the different sections of the society. Imperialism thrives on such difference. So far the minorities have been stimulated and have been influenced in a manner which has hampered the growth of cohesion and friendliness. But now it is necessary that a new chapter should start and we should realize our responsibility. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar  while moving the Draft Constitution for consideration of the house said: In this country both minorities and majorities have followed the wrong path. It is wrong for the majority to dent the existence of minorities and it is equally wrong for the minorities to immortalize themselves. A solution must be found which will serve double purpose. It must recognize the existence of the minorities to start with. It must also be such that it enables majorities and minorities to merge someday into one†¦. When the Constituent Assembly decided to do away with communal separate electorates and communal reservation, Nehru welcomed it as a â€Å"historic turn of our destiny†. It was also welcomed by Sardar Patel . Thus it is clear that the constitution framers hoped that by abolishing separate communal reservations and by guaranteeing fundamental rights to citizens, India will be able to solve the problem of minorities and will emerge one day as â€Å"one community†. However, this hope was disproved by later developments. The constitutional provisions that were finally embodied in the constitution to solve the minority problem included among others the following: Communal separate electorates as introduced under British rule were abolished, and following the Nehru Committee Report, 1928, joint electorates with reserved seats for socially backward communities were adopted. Universal Adult Suffrage was adopted  and every adult citizen was given the right to vote. Special provisions were made for reservation of seats for the Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes both in State Legislatures and In Parliament. Initially such provisions were for ten years but since 1960 these were extended for 10 yearly bases. Fundamental Rights were guaranteed  and were made justifiable such as:  right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation and right to religious freedom. However, the chapter on fundamental rights also included provisions regarding protective discrimination in favour of children, women, Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes and Backward classes. Besides these rights to individuals and citizens, the Constitution also provided for  cultural and educational rights of minority  as fundamental rights According to  Article 29  any section of citizens of India having distinct language, Script and culture has the right to conserve the same. It covers both the majority and minority communities. Hence the majority cannot burden its own language, script and culture on minority. Article 30  states that all minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have right to establish and administer educational institution of their choice. Special provisions are made for Anglo Indian Community in certain services such as to posts in railways, customs, postal and telegraph services and also educational grants for their benefits. Articles’ 336 and 337) Provision was made for the appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes. (Article 340) A separate constitution was permitted for the state of Jammu and Kashmir  (Article 370) Similar special provisions were also made and added in subsequent   constitutional amendments to provide for particular demands of different linguistic, religious or regional backward minority groups such as development boards for  Vidharbha in Maharash tra and Kutch In Gujrat  (article 371 D) and  provisions for Andhra  (Art. 71 D) Similar special provisions were enacted to protect religious and social practices, customary law, ownership and transfer of land and its resources to tribal people with respect to states of North-East and other parts of the country. An analysis of these provisions shows that in spite of an emphasis on Universal Adult Suffrage and fundamental rights of individuals and citizens, plural nature of Indian society was not ignored and constitutional makers provided also for ethnic, religious and linguistic groups. While emphasizing liberal pluralism they also accepted the corporate pluralism to some extent and made provisions for rights of groups. Thus the makers of constitution had hoped that the problem of Minority created by Britishers would be solved peacefully with the constitutional framework and some day minority and majority would form â€Å"one community†. However, the problem has become more serious. In spite of numerous executive and legislative measures as well as constitutional amendments, the country still suffers from ethnic and terroristic violence. In order to check such destructive and violent activities, the state has to use police and even military power resulting in serious setback to the process of National Integration. In fact the minority problem is multi-dimensional which requires multi-dimensional solution. The modernization has developed two different tendencies. On one side it has strengthened the demand for identity of ethnic groups and one the other it has caused a desire for progress. It has been pointed out that in a low income multi-ethnic society modernization involves two processes which are often antagonistic. It provides opportunities for mobility which promotes internal migration; it also helps the development of Ethnic Cohesion. Ethnic Cohesion does not necessarily mean a break from the past; but it does involve modernity of tradition. Ethnic Cohesion in order to be effective requires resources which are distributed by political power. In a developing society like India, there is a scarcity of resources and every group’s fights for more and more resources. Every group desires to control or at least to have an effective voice in the distribution of resources. It is in this sense the political power occupies the central position in any political system. It is thus clear that the minority problem involves a number of variables both traditional and modern. It is therefore difficult to suggest readymade constitutional solution. Constitution is after all means which if properly implemented, can help to secure the desirable end. Much depends on how its provisions are interpreted and implemented. Keeping this in mind following measures can prove helpful to solve the problem of minority:- Policies of government are crises induced. Such policies encourage minority groups to put more demands leading ultimately to show off strength. This practice should be given up and certain objective criteria based on consensus among national leaders and ethnic group leaders should be laid down to grant more rights to these groups. Resources should be distributed among different groups justly and honestly. The regime should adopt transparent method for distribution of resources. Practice of Liberal Pluralism should be encouraged. This should be realized that any emphasis on the corporate pluralism will not help in the National Integration. Policy of accommodating minority/ethnic political demands should be favoured Finally, it is necessary that an atmosphere of trust should be created between national leaders and ethnic leaders. We must remember that the choice for us is between rapid evolution and violent revolution and if we cannot solve this problem soon our Constitution will become useless and powerless. â€Å"If India goes down, all will go down; if India thrives, all will thrive; if India lives all will live.

Financial Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial - Case Study Example It is noteworthy that family is though enjoying the current ease of payments but is piling up debt that will move beyond the capacity of the family in future. Major pressures will be piled up from regular home installment, investment unit’s huge payment that is also not offering redraw facility, credit card that is piling up with regularity. The dividends from the stocks that Ann inherited are already recognized as franked and so cannot be relied for payment of certain of such debt. One aspect that identifies the issues is the capital appreciation from stocks in three years is 2.2% only. This percentage appears worthless as it is multiple to the percentage payable on the investment unit. Also investments made by the family are not generating the notable income such as tenant income from investment unit is running in deficit of USD 134 after meeting expense of interest. Two children are still to gain the higher education, the price of which is constantly on rise due to economic pressures. This problem will be complimented with the fact that both bread earners of family are in their late forties; therefore, the woman will retire in middle term in future while man though has his own business but will reduce the capacity to visit same number of clients as he does today and so will earn less or no. Also fast paced technological changes will ultimately require men to hire workforce which will add cost to the business. Hence, the overall revenue and expense plan is not worth. Considering these factors the future of the family is gloomy and troublesome. It can be safely stated that the future of the family is at financial risk. Steps To Improve the Situation with Respective Rationales The reflection of future developed from the assessment of the case clearly requires that it is high of time for family to assess the contribution from each cost incurred and respective benefit derived from it in current point in time as well as for future. This long term planning r equires family to set the future goals. Goals to be set as suggested must meet following requirements: Each goal set must ensure that it results in meeting the financial benefit in the long terms. Goals must also enable family to align their current financial resources in a manner that are able to generate the productive results. With above two financial directions for setting goals and well as the case information, following goals must be set by the family: Readiness to re-allocation of the financial resources. Meeting and paying-off the debt burden without generating any additional debt. Enable the family to meet the educational expense of the children Enable the family to meet the meet medical requirement for father and Jack and Ann in future Enable the family to meet the fixed expenditure of the family safely once the family bread earners retire. The last goal of the family is to ensure the contribution in the family budget from every earning head. Once the family has determined what financial resource they require in the different points in time, then it shall focus itself in directing the financial resources accordingly. This will require the family to rebuild its budget. Following steps are suggested to the family for the reallocation of the budget: The family must retire the debts it has piled from two cars and a

Revolutions in 20th Century Latin America Essay

Revolutions in 20th Century Latin America - Essay Example Latin America was one of those lands which underwent frequent revolutions. Twentieth century as well as the Caribbean lands are no exceptions. This paper is intended to identify the various reasons for the revolutions in the Latin America. Due to the space constraints two revolutions are taken into account; the Cuban revolution in 1959 and 'tenants revolution' in Brazil in 1930. Any revolution is not a one night process. A whole domain of social, cultural, geographical, internal and external political and/or economical factors plays their role to evolve a revolution. Thus, before analyzing the causes of revolution, it is empirical to have a glance into the social, cultural, geographical, political and/or economical setup of the land in particular and the region in general. When we will analyze them all and try to map them on the chronology of the revolution, this way the causes would be highlighted themselves. United States of America had helped Cuba achieve independence in 1898 from the Spanish domination, thus it was quite obvious that US had an influence over the Cuban Affairs, local as well international, since the day one. The control of the United States of America on the Cuban Economy is evident from the facts that United States had control over almost half of the land of Cuba, three fifth of the railway system, almost ninety percent of electricity production and the telephone system. Furthermore, Cuba was the main supplier of various raw materials to the United States. So we can infer that though Independent, the control of USA was yet not lesser than that of British Imperials in their colonies. Furthermore, the domination did not result in the increase in the efficiency of the overall performance of the country, so there was a general opinion in the people of Cuba, that the United State is exploiting the Cuban people for their (US) interest through the dummy leaders like Batista. (Thomas) Cuban Economy before Revolution: At first look, it appears that Cuban economy was prosperous at that time. Cuba's mortality rate of 7 per thousand was the lowest in Latin America. Its infant mortality rate was by far the lowest. Cuba's mortality rate of 7 per thousand was the lowest in Latin America. Its infant mortality rate was by far the lowest. Cuba had one automobile for every 39 inhabitants, compared with Argentina's one for every 60 and Mexico's one for every 91 people. The wage rate for industrial workers in Cuba was the highest in Latin America (as of 1957) and 9th highest in the world. However, the other side of picture so dark that this appearing brightness of Cuban Economy fade away, when someone browse through these factors. The economy was too dependent on Sugar. Wealth was unevenly distributed. Unemployment was 8% in five months of sugar harvest, but for the rest of the year, it used to be around 30%. As stated above, the economic prosperity had no trickle down effect; the only beneficiaries of the si tuation were the US companies in Cuba and their Cuban associates who were working for their interests. Thus there were high social tensions among the common man of Cuba. (Seers) Political Setup in Cuba: There was no reliable democratic

How to Become an Interior Decorator Essay Example for Free

How to Become an Interior Decorator Essay Analyzing interior designing websites provide excellent information to aspiring interior designers and decorators. Interior designing and interior decorating appears to be an easy, fun career. How hard can it be to transform rooms into a fantasy comparable to DisneyLand? Researching sites allows the student to make necessary accommodations to achieve their objective. Atotalwaste. com/interiordecorator is a site providing easy to understand and clear distinctions between a designer and decorator. The site very clearly lists the job duties and education requirements of a designer and decorator. It states the list of organizations associated with interior designing. The difference of what a designer does and a decorator does are listed. The site explains why the requirements for interior designers are more thorough. Interior designers are responsible for a lot more than just the physical appearance of a room or home they are decorating. They are also responsible for the safety and welfare of the public. The contribution of the designers is clearly outlined. Everyone on the outside looking in, envisions designers making buildings, rooms, and houses look very pretty. The article lists duties that no one realizes. Designers work on public buildings, such as airport terminals. Interior designers are hardly imagined as someone responsible for airport security. The site gives an overall positive image of interior designers. The designers are spoken in higher regard than decorators. â€Å"Anyone can be an interior decorator† does not show a flattering or respected image of decorators. It compares designers and decorators like nurses and nurse’s aids. Designers depend on decorator’s assistance. â€Å"I do not want to have to spend years of studying, worrying about things like building codes, and write an examination to be certified. Can I just start decorating people’s houses without going through all that. † People attracted to this profession are not likely to have such an attitude. Toward decorators, a hard language is used. Decorators are shown as more of a working class profession instead of professionals. Many designers start off as interior decorators, but have goals to become designers. Respected, upper class people are drawn to this profession, both designing and decorating. There are some people who just want professional advice to decorate their houses or friends houses, but they are not drawn to the profession. In that situation, they would attend a lecture or meeting given by a professional designer or decorator. The site speaks much softer and flattering of designers. Health, codes and safety, except for a brief overview of designer’s responsibilities, are not mentioned. It does mention that professional standards are set by the American Society of Interior Designers or the Interior Designers of Canada. Certification and testing through National Council for Interior Design Qualification are mentioned. The specifics are not. Exact privileges once designers fulfill requirements are not listed in the site. Designers are responsible for health, codes and safety, but no actual details are listed. Overall this site does speak well of interior designers. Interior designers work for and earn the prestige and respect they receive. Unknown important responsibilities of designers are mentioned. It shows surprising facts that designers have a very important role to play. Interior designers are not just there to make a beautiful fantasy happen. It looks that way. Atotalwaste. com provides somewhat uncommon information on interior designing profession.

Sociology: The Study of Culture Essay -- Sociology Essays

Many times I have attempted to comprehend the actions of other people. I always wanted to know why people of different genders, descents, and colors had certain cultural, societal, and religious beliefs. It became apparent to me that all persons are a direct reflection of their environment. In other words, all persons unconsciously, and sometimes consciously, reflect and imitate their environment and the things that they see. Every culture has their own individual stereotypes and belief systems. The reason for this is that people place arbitrary meanings on life's occurrences based upon those of the individuals which preceded them. Thought patterns of an individual are all dependent upon the teachings of others. We perceive and understand the physical and social world based on the meanings we attach to people, things, and actions. To put it simply our minds are all guided by the force of "other minds" that are "more developed" than our own. This is all a part of Sociological study. These studies look at the predominant attitudes, behavior, and types of relationships within a society. A society is a group of people who have a similar cultural background and live in a specific geographical area. but before we get into this however Lets take a step back and look at the field in which these studies derive from. Sociology is a social science that studies individuals, groups, and institutions that make up human society. It is an observation of how people relate to one another and to their environments. They also study the formation of groups; the causes of various forms of social behavior; and the role of churches, schools, and other institutions within a society. Social behavior is studied extensively in the field of s... ...rom all secular practices. This includes watching television, listening to radio or partaking in any activities which is not in reverence of their religion. To a Christian however this practice would seem absurd. Their reality does not carry the same beliefs. Although these are just a few examples it gives you an idea of how a persons geographical location and cultural background can shape their individuals belief. Many of which are not practiced by other cultures. If you wanted to better understand a persons ways or why it is that people of different ethnic backgrounds have different beliefs and practices. It would be best to start with trying to understand that persons culture and their socialization process. Once you begin to grasp an understanding and they way they have grew up then it will be easier to understand why they do things in a certain way.

Asturias Essay Essay

The concept of Celebrity and Fame are ones that affect relationships both positively and negatively. Fame refers to the state of being known by many people, and Celebrity is the noun for a famous person. The experiences and perspectives of celebrities who have gone through the process of Fame have all had their relationships affected by their status both positively and negatively – whether it is a celebrity’s relationship with corporations, the concept of Fame or their peers and rivals. This statement is supported by Brian Caswell’s novel _Asturias,_ Jay Z and Justin Timberlake’s song _Holy Grail,_ and Donna Rockwell’s article _’Fame is a Dangerous Drug: a phenomenal glimpse of celebrity†_ all showcase these arguments with textual evidence. In brief, textual evidence have been provided to establish the implications Fame present on a celebrity’s relationships. Corporate relationships with a celebrity are professional, but the effects of Fame on these relationships may force the bond to become personal. An example of a positive relationship between celebrities and a corporate figure is demonstrated through Asturias’ relationship with their manager, Max. This is exemplified through the use of comparison in Chapter 22, â€Å"These are people †¦ Kids. They’re not some ‘bottom line’ on a sales-report†. It outlines Max’s personal concern for the band – he overlooks the professional implications on the band’s/his career, worrying more about their well-being. On the contrary, the relationship between Asturias and Symonds, a distant but more powerful figure, is an example of a negative relationship between celebrities and corporate figures. For example, the use of objectification is expressed by Symonds in the same chapter, â€Å"They’re a product, for Christ’s sake! We made them, we can remake them.† This use of objectification takes away the Asturias’ human dignity and conveys Symonds’ negligence on the band’s well-being and emotional state, selfishly focusing on generating quick profit and securing his income and position on the ladder. In summary, the relationship between celebrities and corporations is a relationship that can either be based on nurturing and guiding said celebrity, or harshly exploiting/overworking them for high profits. Another factor that affects a relationship which is influenced by Fame is the  nature of Fame itself, and its connection with the celebrity. Fame has an influential nature that commonly consumes the celebrity ‘s identity; it requires attention at all times and occupies the subjects’ lifestyle, privacy and well-being – the thirst for fame can result in the subject being obsessive and wanting more, after having experienced the perks and benefits of becoming a celebrity. An example of how the implications of fame affect a person negatively is demonstrated through the use of rhetorical question, â€Å"Was he scared? Did he call out to me?† This use of rhetorical question was triggered by the event of Alex leaving Abuelito behind due to his priorities to the band, missing Abuelito’s peaceful demise – he was so caught up with his celebrity priorities that he didn’t even know how Abuelito passed away. In comparison, a positive opinion on this notion is stated through the use of motif, â€Å"The ride was every bit as exciting as they’d promised.† â€Å"The ride† is a motif found throughout the book, and refers to celebrity-hood – this statement expresses that despite the sacrifices in relationships, living famously is as exciting as it is perceived to be. This opinion can drive celebrities (or even non-celebrities) to work harder and be consistent, getting what they want constantly. The article strengthens this argument that albeit being aware of the negative implications of fame on its subject and their relationships, the subject still disregards these implications in order to keep pursuing the perks of Fame. This is exemplified through the use of figurative language, â€Å"the allure of wealth, †¦ keeps the famous person stuck in the perpetual need to keep their fame machine churning.† Through the use of figurative language, the author expresses the obsession of celebrities with fame, and how they tirelessly work through, neglecting their relationships on the way, their way to staying relevant. Therefore, these texts obviously overlook the negative aspect of fame, and focuses on the positive outcomes it may bring to its subject. Finally, through the use of a bridge, Justin Timberlake sings, â€Å"And you take the blade right out my heart, just so you can watch me bleed / And I still don’t know why, why I love you so much.† referring to his addiction with  being a celebrity – he overlooks the deeply negative impacts of Fame, and blindly craves for more which shows a celebrity’s obsessive relationship with Fame. Competition within the celebrity industry also affects relationships positively. These positive results a relationship gains from competition is exemplified through the use of colloquialism, â€Å"Enough sticks, it was time for carrot.† This use of colloquialism comes from working with donkeys, where sticks were used as force to get the donkey moving, whilst carrots were used as motivators to do the same thing: it’s basically referring to whether you use force or threats on someone to get them to do something or persuade and motivate them into doing something. In this case, it portrays Max’s security in his situation – he is so confident about negotiating with his competitor, Symonds, that he started with threatening him but knowing the man, he offered him a better deal that would get him fired meaning his liability would be taken away. Another example is presented in Holy Grail, where the use of personification is expressed, â€Å"Fuck the fame, keep cheating on me, what I do, I took her back.† This use of personification expresses the struggle with staying relevant as a celebrity as if it were an intimate relationship (when he says that Fame â€Å"cheats on him†, he is referring to whenever other celebrities get more attention than him as if Fame favoured them more). Initially a negative statement, he then goes on to say that he takes Fame back, which can be comprehended to mean that he is driven and motivated to success by his competition which makes it a positive statement as to say that he has gotten over the nature of fame, and learnt an effective way to cope with it. However, as celebrities become more immersed and competitive, they also become more jealous and greedy. This is best exemplified in Asturias through the use of the multiple narrators. The use of multiple narrators allows Tim to reflect, â€Å"Everyone shines in their own way, but one child shines brighter. In our â€Å"family†, that one was Alex. And I got to the stage where I couldn’t forgive him for it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Through this quote, it is clearly seen that Tim and Alex’s relationship was deteriorating because of Tim’s thirst for  attention and recognition: something only Fame had inflicted on him. Originally being a friendly person, his ego is slowly fed by his fans which made him envious of Alex’s vitality to the band. The article reinforces the negative effects of jealousy and greed through the use of metaphor, â€Å"I’ve been addicted to almost every substance known to man at one point or another, but the most addictive of them all was fame.† The metaphorical comparison between the concept of fame and illegal drugs suggest that fame evokes an unhealthy addiction within its subject – like how drugs detaches its user from their relationships and lifestyle and into addiction, fame does the same. Thus, these textual evidences outline the notion of fame detaching its subjects from their originally close relationships, through jealousy, thirst and greed. In conclusion, Fame is a concept that affects a celebrity’s relationship both positively and negatively – it merely depends on the situation the celebrity is in. The arguments of fame affecting corporate relationships, relationships with the actual concept of fame and relationships with peers and rivals during the pursuit of becoming famous are all provided with both the positive implications of these arguments, and the negative. These arguments are supported by Textual evidence from varying texts such as a novel, an audio text and an article. Overall, the textual evidence provided clearly demonstrate how Fame affects a celebrity’s relationships with their surroundings.