Mathematics Research free essay sample

Enterprise in education includes knowledge and understanding of the world of work and career planning and opportunities to engage in entrepreneurial activities, as well as the `development of enterprising attitudes and skills which enable young people to become successful learners, confident individuals, responsible citizens and effective contributors to society throughout life and at work, with an informed sense of their roles in the world. This has evolved from earlier definitions of enterprise education, which was commonly interpreted as enterprise activity. Pupils are also helped to develop those personal qualities and leadership skills essential for the world of work (Ramsey, 2004). Through enterprising activities in their mathematics experiences, both in and out of the classroom, they may be given opportunities to demonstrate leadership, initiative, determination, confidence and responsibility. Teaching entrepreneurship within mathematics can also develop positive attitudes to teamwork, to continuing education and training, to equal opportunities, and to the views, skills, capabilities and capacities of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Mathematics Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Enterprise activities with social goals, where outcomes not only benefit others but also encourage a sense of responsibility to the community and society as a whole, help young people to understand the connections between enterprise and active citizenship (Bouchhiki, 2003). It is undisputable that education is an arena of human life where virtually everyone believes they understand the problems and also know the solutions. Perhaps it is because we are all products of educational systems and reflect back on things we liked, those we didn’t, and changes that we believe would have mattered for us. We can also look beyond our own personal opinions to those of educational experts. Thus, this study will set out simple aims which are the concerned with the values on equipping students to meet the challenges of life, developing general knowledge and common sense, learning how to be discriminating in use of knowledge that is to know what knowledge is appropriate to use for what purposes, integrating what is learned with the whole being, arousing attention, and interest in the field of knowledge so it will be mastered in a worthy way. Further, there are also increasing numbers of individuals need to be able to think for themselves in a constantly changing environment, particularly as technology is making larger quantities of information easier to access and to manipulate. They also need to be able to adapt to unfamiliar or unpredictable situations more easily than people needed to in the past. Teaching mathematics in an entrepreneurial way encompasses skills and functions which are a part of everyday life like understanding economic indicators, understanding loan repayments, and calculating whether the cheapest item is the best buy. It is likewise practical to present a problem and develop the skills needed to solve that problem and is more motivational than teaching the skills without a context. It allows the students to see a reason for learning the mathematics, and hence to become more deeply involved in learning it. Teaching mathematics in a unique way can enhance logical reasoning, helping people to be able to decide what rule, if any, a situation requires, or if necessary to develop their own rules in a situation where an existing rule cannot be directly applied. Problem solving can also allow the whole person to develop by experiencing the full range of emotions associated with various stages of in real life situations and to find solutions in a practical way (Baum, 2001). With the above presentations, the researcher is motivated to conduct a study which relates to her field of specialization and of great importance to the holistic development of the young generation specifically in the aspect of decision making in order to survive in the world of recent economic problems. It is also her hopes and wishes that changes in mathematics effort can change the national education reform landscape and can provide something of lasting significance to be achieved to compete globally for talent and to attract and retain high-skills individuals to equally footing to other nationalities. Theoretical Framework This study was supported by several theories and concepts dealing with change and innovation, anchored instruction which is related to active learning, cognitive and efficacy beliefs, humanistic and positive self direction, social learning, teaching and learning entrepreneurship, innovative approaches in teaching and learning mathematics, contextual teaching and learning, and making mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective which are all efficacious to the present investigation. The following theories and concepts are: Change and Innovation by Gibb (2005), Anchored Instruction Approach by Robinson (2009), Cognitive Approach by Collins (2002), Humanistic Learning Theory by Gage Berliner (1986) as cited in Huitt (2001), Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1982 ) as cited in by Morris (2007), the Innovative Approaches in Teaching and Learning Mathematics by Huenda (1981) as cited in by Baratas (2009) Contextual Teaching and Learning (The Department of Mathematics Education, University of Georgia, 2001). Moreover, this study is also complemented with the five (5) tips to help make the mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective by Lidstone (2004). The theory of Gibb (2005) on Change and Innovation involves a process which develops individuals’ mindsets, behaviours, skills, and capabilities that can be applied to create value in a range of contexts and environments which link to the outline of learning the mathematics through the concept of enterprise and/or business thinking. He strongly suggests based upon his readings and actual observations and experiences that the aforesaid type of learning the subject is needed or essential in developing the qualities of mind for the 21st century. Learners of this century must have entrepreneurial attitudes as part of the learning process. It is where there is now considerable interest in governments are keen to develop the perceived economic potential of creative industries, innovation and creative thinking. It is also a thought that these are the areas where creativity and innovation will supply new products which are forecasted as the level where this potential can be nurtured and/or ‘harvested’ . Most universities have business ‘start up’ support either physical or mentored to develop students’ ideas to bring them ‘to market’. There has been some success with this type of initiative but it has not really reached its potential as it has tended to concentrate on the economic outcomes. In this theory of Gibb (2005), new ideas and practices in the internalization of the business related and/or enterprise approach in teaching mathematics are reassured to divert the monotonous traditional procedure in acquiring knowledge. He mentioned attributes of innovations and change: relative advantage, compatibility, and observability. Exhaustively enumerated, relative advantage is the degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supersedes. The more the perceived advantage, the more likely innovations are to be adapted. Further, it is perceived by comparing the old way of doing things to the new way, which is particularly relevant to vary the teaching method so that it could be gauged based on the demand of time. In terms of teaching mathematics in the elementary level, varied techniques should be adapted by the teachers so that relative advantages of educating the learners can be attained. Mathematics teachers should be creative and sensitive to innovations, which are readily perceived to have an advantage and must surely jibe with the demands of the learners. As such, the Change and Innovation Theory can be summed up in adapting a change for the purpose of innovating the traditional practice of acquiring a certain discipline, but this should be carefully studied by the educational planners. If they can form a favorable impression, eventually to adapt and implement the innovation. Anchored Instruction Approach by Robinson (2009) focuses in the making of the learners engaged in the learning process by getting situated in the context. The context can be provided through images, pictures, animations, videos, realia, etc. In this direction, the use of the different search engines in the internet can become successful methodologies where the vast and dynamism of content availability in it can make the learners get involved in the subject of study. The sophistication available in the technology is that real world context or contexts can be created and provided as videos. Similarly, the availability of videos can be organized to suit to the classroom needs. In his contribution to the educational arena, Robbins (2009) emphasizes that teaching mathematics in an entrepreneurial way in the use of technology that surrounds us is one of the best ways to facilitate learning and not an ordinary learning but with concrete ideas and memory retention. Collins (2002) in his Cognitive Approach and Efficacy beliefs in learning mathematics stresses that considerable progress can be achieved in clarifying the growth of cognitive competencies and their use in adapting to and changing the environment. In his initial research, he verified that perceived efficacy beliefs contribute independently to intellectual performance rather than simply reflecting cognitive skills. The selected children who judged themselves to be of high or low efficacy at each of three levels of mathematical ability were then given difficult mathematical problems to solve. Within each level of ability, children who had the stronger belief in their efficacy were quicker to discard faulty strategies, solved more problems chose to rework more of those they failed, and did so more accurately than children of equal ability who doubted their efficacy. Childrens causal attributions for their academic successes and failures were unrelated to their mathematical performances. Efficacy beliefs predicted interest in, and positive attitudes toward, mathematics, whereas actual mathematical ability did not. As this study shows, students may perform poorly in entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics either because they lack the skills or because they have the skills but lack the perceived personal efficacy to make optimal use of them. It is therefore an encouragement to the part of the mentor to apply or use some innovative techniques to facilitate the learning of the novel modus operandi—the entrepreneurial skills, which is beneficial to the future livelihood undertakings of the learners. In the other aspect, the Humanistic Learning Theory which was adapted by Gage Berliner (1986) and as cited in by Huitt (2001), emphasizes the idea that acquiring knowledge from the mentors depend greatly on the art of teaching which has emotional value, more specifically on the methods, techniques, and strategies as tools in facilitating learning. In schools today, there are many different views on what is the best approach that educators should use to teach students. One important view to consider when deciding which approach to use is the humanistic view of education. The major focus of humanistic education is the development of the whole child (i. e. , the development of a student’s emotions, values, self-concept, goals, and needs. In the information age, the objectives of the humanistic theory are important in that they relate to the trends that are currently taking place in the workforce. However, the results of a meta-analysis demonstrate that the programs developed under the rubric of humanistic education did not achieve these objectives with students. As educators, they must analyze the importance of these objectives, describe why the results of the meta-analysis possibly occurred, and find possible solutions to the problems. The rise of humanistic learning theory in the 20th century with the original representative Rogers, who proposed that learning is self-realization, learners to learn the subject, must be respected, any normal learners able to educate themselves, interpersonal relationships is an important condition for effective learning. Computer, multimedia, Internet networking, communications, the use of Technology in the field of teaching for the integration of humanism and create the conditions for teaching thinking. The aforementioned ideology offers a wide range of learners and learning in the form of content-related phenomena, ideas, data and information, not directly or easily present conclusions, and leave room for the learners involved, leaving the learner self-modify, self-reflection, self-awareness and self-development space. These ideas are can be easily applied to the learners with the guidance and supervision of an experienced and exposed teacher to current trends in imparting knowledge to the learners. As the modern educational media to participate, forcing students to participate in learning, so that students from being passive to active, to develop good study habits. First, humanistic learning theory of meaning is based on humanistic psychology-based which means that learning is not a mechanical connection between the stimulus-response, but a meaningful mental process. Second, Humanistic Learning Theory has greater emphasis on emotional factors, emphasizing the emotional aspects of situations which advocates as much as possible directly into the study of the emotional world. In the teaching process, teachers must establish good relationships with learners to create a good learning atmosphere. Third, Humanistic learning theory focuses on the development of interest in learning, to satisfy the curiosity of the students of knowledge, it presents itself as an individual or activities of the things that the selective attitude and positive emotions. A n interest in art, his understanding of the activities will give priority to point to and art-related things, and show a positive emotional response. And this in the interest aroused after the learners to enable learners to maintain this focus, this also depends on keeping provided by modern education, media, situations change. Fourth, Humanistic learning theory assumes that students can be a result of open system, which emphasizes the main task of teaching to help students understand the constantly changing environment and their own, so that students based on their experiences in the world, from the complex facts and phenomena access to learning the specific knowledge and methods. In teaching, teachers give students to self-realization to provide a relatively free and relaxed learning environment and self-realization of the resources, students take the initiative to these modern education, media control, the use and selection approaches to enhance the intellectual capabilities of the students so as to achieve the spirit of Innovation and practical ability. Fifth, Humanistic learning theory is a self-development, even if the motivation from the outside, discovery, access, control, understand the feeling also comes from within. Themselves there is a need for self-realization, which constitute the motivation to learn, so this study is spontaneous, autonomous, self-conscious. The purpose of learning is to achieve self-learning process is the concept of people-oriented under the guidance of the students found that reveal themselves slowly and gradually move toward independence, toward the creation process. Themselves have a certain potential, our goal is to provide environment for these potentials can play only a learner teachers, a facilitator to help students self-realization. Thus, in teaching students to self-realization as much as possible to provide the learning space and environment to shape people. The Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1977) as cited in by Morris (2007) mentions a logical progression from the philosophy of pragmatism. The theory continues to identify that the learner is engaged in the social context as a â€Å"participating observer†. Thereby, the learner’s self-belief to perform or replicate specific tasks is influenced by the successful social behaviors and reinforcements that the role model (the entrepreneur) (Krumboltz, et al. 2006). The learner’s self belief is referred to as self-efficacy. According to Bandura, self-efficacy is intensified in the learner through any of four learning processes (listed from strongest influence to weakest): 1) The issue of teaching entrepreneurship is necessary to identify a learning theory that is determined by and remains consistent with the parameters of pragmatism. The th ree primary philosophical parameters, the view of the learner, the role of the teacher, and the type of learning, determine the learning theory. Although, the nature of the role of the pragmatic teacher is the same in nature as that of the learner, the pragmatic teacher is the facilitator/director of the becoming of the learner. The pragmatic teacher facilitates the experiences of the learner (Morris and Pai, 1999). Likewise, the learner facilitates the experiences of the teacher. Therefore, the learner and the teacher facilitate experiences for one another and are said to be co-investigators or co-learners in the field of entrepreneurship. Being the facilitator of the learner, the teacher has the opportunity to facilitate the learning by continuously introducing new experiences and thus the evolution of the truths and values of the next generation of entrepreneurs. The type of learning is therefore experientially based and continuous, thus, the learner is continuously revising and reconstructing experiences. Social Learning Theory according to Bandura proposes that learning occurs as a result of the learner observing the behaviors of others within a specified social context. Thereby, implying that in order for the learner to learn from the experiences of others, the learner must therefore, revise and reconstruct these observed experiences as they apply to the learner. Since this revising and reconstructing occur continuously sequential building of repeated successful performances; 2) the use of modeling through case studies and live role models; 3) feedback resulting from class discussions and specific feedback related to a specific performance; 4) self-assessment of capabilities through comparison of self to peers (Boyd and Vozikis, 2004). There is also a theory that presents learning mathematics in a Pinoy way. This is proof that Filipinos have contributions in the civilization of the world. This theory is known as Board Game Learning in Mathematics or the Damath. It comes from the Pinoy checker boardgame called â€Å"dama† and mathematics. It blends local culture, education and digital technology that aim to make math teaching and learning child-friendly, challenging and interactive. In its unique way, damath boardgame ushers the Filipino school kids into the new millennium by equipping them with competitive life-long learning for understanding and ICT-fluency skills. When school children play damath boardgame they also learn to explore, firm- up, deepen, and transfer to daily tasks the concepts of real numbers and its properties and operations. Moreover, it stimulates the children’s capability to think deeper through creative math storytelling, flowchart, concept map, tree diagram, picture riddle, haiku, cryptogram, secret code decoding, simulation, role playing, jingle or rap composing, reflection journal writing, and problem solving. This joyful and practical approach to contextualized teaching and learning math is the brainchild of 1981 presidential merit medal awardee teacher Jesus L. Huenda. As a public high school teacher in Sorsogon, Huenda always thinks of ways to optimize his talents to help others. This describes best this ordinary teacher who was cited by no less than the President of the Republic for his out-of-the-box â€Å"contribution in terms of innovative approaches in teaching and learning mathematics†. According to Huenda, this is how damath works: â€Å"I integrate some math concepts and numeracy skills in the indigenous boardgame of dama. In the 32 white squares (the other 32 alternately arranged squares are colored green) of the 88-square damath playing board, I put the symbols of mathematical operations like addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (? ) and division (? ). The 12 damath chips for each player are divided into two sets (blue and red chips): those with zero, and even numbers with positive sign (+); while odd numbers have negative (-) sign. The two playerstry to capture chips by adapting the existing dama rules to numeracy skills whichresult to higher positive points, while evading those with lower negative points. When the learners play damath, they aim to get higher point over the opponent. Capturing the opponent’s dama chips is strategically planned such that a player would target a chip representing high number. The game becomes a combination of strategic higher order thinking skills and basic mathematical operations. This strategy in teaching and learning math with Understanding by Desig n (UbD) framework has helped students look at Mathematics as a subject not so difficult to learn. Playing the electronic damath is also a contest on who gets the higher positive score which entails the use of the fundamental perations in math. â€Å"When students play the game, they tend to have deeper consciousness on the intricacies of the game. They get to consider every step that they make and how this can contribute to winning the game. In the process they develop analytical thinking skills,† Huenda explained. And there is no stopping Huenda from inventing edutainment games that teach students the basics in living such as entrepreneurship. Thus he came up with â€Å"entrepinoy damath,† a business venture game. Here, the fundamental operations of math and basic accounting are also used in the board game including debit and credit, simple bookkeeping, balance sheet and the like. The first set of damath chips represent rent, taxes, salaries, bonuses, discounts, cost price, and other operating expenses. The other half represents income like selling price, profit, savings, real property, building, equipment, etc. The game is played with the damath chips properly labeled: business expenses on one hand and business income on the other hand. The game is won by the one who has captured more chips representing incomes rather than expenses. With this learning for understanding approach, the learners are honed on strategic business models like the efficiency of incurring less cost in order to have more income. The learners also become conscious of effectively running a business venture,† Huenda explained. But in business as in life, the learners still have to be trained on values and ethics. So he came up with â€Å"damath de honor†. Here the damath pieces represent positive and negative Filipino ways including interpersonal relation, consumer protection, anti-corruption and red-tape practices. â€Å"Ipapakain mo ang negative values at makakaipon ka ng positive values. Dapat walang greed na siyang dahilan ng corruption at illegal business transaction,† he emphasized. Huenda opted to focus on educational technology innovations that will make a difference in basic education. The beneficiaries, no doubt, are the young school children who never imagined that the lowly boardgame of dama would ever play a significant role in their learning of life’s lessons. The Department of Mathematics Education, University of Georgia (2001) emphasizes that contextual teaching and learning involves both hands on learning and real world experiences. Contextual classrooms learn by doing. This allows students to understand the concepts more fully. It also takes the subject matter that can be learnt in the classroom and applies it to your everyday life. Students are motivated to connect the content of knowledge to the application. This is especially important in mathematics, because students often feel that they do not need math skills other than basic addition, subtraction, etc. When shown to them how they will use their skills in the everyday life, they are more likely to learn and be excited about learning it. Another view on the matter states that contextual teaching in mathematics needs a purpose of instruction such as application to daily lives and interactions. Lessons in contextual teaching should include meaningful contexts that help to create foundational knowledge for future reference. This type of teaching should actively engage students in the learning process, involving students in experiments with a wide range of content and ideas, being as creative as possible. Students should also be able to transfer what they have learned to real-world contexts when learning under contextual teaching in mathematics. Lastly, this study is to be complemented by the five (5) tips to help make the mathematics instruction more exciting, interesting, attractive, and hopefully effective by Lidstone (2004): 1) Help students  find real-life connections within each objective. Math is everywhere in  our everyday  life. Helping students to see how  a math concept  can  help them on a daily basis, or how it  is relevant to real-life often makes them more  receptive to the lesson. This may consider doing something as easy as incorporating names and interests in story problems being created; 2) Incorporate math games. Math games are a very effective way to make learning fun for students. Sometimes when students are playing an educational game the aren’t even aware they are learning, not to mention games typically involve cooperative learning, which students love. It must be sure the objective of the game coincides with the objective from the math lesson being taught; 3) Use hands-on manipulates and visuals. Pattern blocks, geoboards, number lines, dry erase boards and markers, teddy bear counters–these are all a math teacher’s best friends, and students love them as well. It is suggested to use a variety of manipulates and visuals to maximize student interest while giving them something more concrete to work with; 4) Try exploratory/discovery learning. Present a problem without giving much direction. Let the students figure out what tools they need to solve the problem. Pose  Ã‚  questions like:   What math operation will give you the answer you need? What items in the classroom will help you to reach the answer? Is there a way to check to see if your answer makes sense? Help those students who seem to be struggling individually, but let the other students run with it; and 5) Encourage students to share their thinking and strategies with the class. We all know there is more than one way to solve the same problem. Encouraging students to develop and share their own strategies enhances creativity  and  might even help those who are struggling to understand. Sometimes an explanation from a peer is easier to grasp  and might  help that struggling student to see a problem in a new, and possibly more clear  light. Conceptual Framework The results of this research can provide evidence that the potential for developing entrepreneurial orientation and promoting the abilities needed for a free and self-determined career has not been exhausted by any means. This will prove and show that the education process can have a considerable influence on entrepreneurial orientation, and that the Philippines’ call for the promotion of entrepreneurial spirit can be fulfilled in the sphere of education. Through the spirit of creative education – both learning and teaching creatively can lead to recognize and develop creative talent in students of all ages. These determined individuals are the hopes of the nation and can greatly build our future and can bring significant impact to humanity. It is undisputable that our countrys success lies in the hands of every Filipino citizen. Each one of us can contribute positive change to our nation. Likewise, we believed that everybody plays an important role to achieve owns countrys prosperity, from the child to the elders, from the peasant to the rich people, and from an ordinary mind to intelligent one. An avenue for being such is the adaptation of teaching techniques which can influence entrepreneurial orientation as well as inclinations which can ignite to start up a new business, can indeed be influenced considerably with potential targeted influences at the personality level, in the education process, and in the pupils immediate and general environment. The impact of entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics education will expectedly recognize as one of the crucial factors that will help youths to understand and foster an attitude toward entrepreneurship (Walstad, 2001). The attitude and knowledge of entrepreneurship will likely to shape their inclination to start their own business in the future (Wang Wong, 2004). It is timely to understand how to develop and nurture potential entrepreneurs while they are still students in school. In order to gain clearer understanding on the schematic diagram of the study, the researcher will consider the independent, dependent, and output conceptual model as shown in Figure 1, which will outline to the direction of the study. The independent variables include the entrepreneurial approach in teaching mathematics which involves the control group to be conducted the pre-test and the experimental group which is intended for the post-test. On the other hand, an intervening variables are presented which believe the factors than can affect the teaching and learning of mathematics through the aforesaid approach, which include the teachers’ and student’s profile. The former profile include age, educational qualification, and in-service trainings attended while the latter profile include age, gender, parents’ educational attainment, and family income. The dependent variables include the mathematics achievement of the Grade VI pupils, and the expected output is the implications in teaching mathematics using the contextual techniques. Statement of the Problem The main thrust of this study was to determine the effects of entrepreneurial approach in mathematics in teaching and learning process. It also aimed to let the students internalize and realize that there are some teaching approaches and techniques in acquiring knowledge of mathematics and to generalize the implications to their lives by the use of such approach, technique or strategy in learning numbers. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions: 1. What is the socio-economic profile of the Grade VI pupils in Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School and Tagoloan Elementary School in terms of: 1. 1 age; 1. 2 gender; 1. 3 parents’ educational attainment; and 1. 4 monthly family income? 2. What is the achievement level of the control and experimental groups based on the posttest results of the Grade VI pupils in the Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School and Tagoloan Elementary School? 3. Is there a significant difference on the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils between the control and experimental group? . Is there a significant relationship between the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils and their demographic profile? 5. What implications in teaching mathematics using the contextual technique can be drawn based from the results of the study? Hypotheses Hypotheses in null form were formulated and tested empirically at 0. 05 level of significance. Ho1: Th ere is no significant difference on the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils between the control and experimental group. Ho2: . There is no significant relationship between the achievement level of the Grade VI pupils and their demographic profile. Significance This study will benefit the following : Curriculum Planners. This study will open their minds to support the educational goals of the Basic Education in the country when planning seminars or conferences toward the improvement of mathematics teaching and then making recommendations on the role of teachers, parents, and pupils in relation to strategies and approaches in acquiring knowledge in mathematics. School Administrators. They play a significant role in the entrepreneurial approach in teaching of mathematics. They must provide support to teachers – pedagogical, technical, financial, etc. As it is essential for teachers to meet and plan, some release time for teachers would be ideal. It also is their responsibility to communicate with parents so that these parents are not uninformed and misinformed. Lastly, as the leader, they have the authority to involve and encourage the whole school. Guidance Counselors. They certainly can offer suggestions and ideas based their own background on how they use mathematics in their own lives and jobs or how they solve a mathematics problem. They are the persons who can give pieces of advice and serve as allies and willing participants in the mathematics learneing of the children. Community. This study will to create a culture of healing with the capacity to help its members to gradually, but effectively, recover from the damages of protracted conflict affecting themselves, their families, and community members. This will also be the basis of their increasing awareness of the importance of an informed citizen in the communication and exchange of ideas about peace processes. Mathematics Teachers. This study will serve as basis in informing the learners on their tasks as instrument in imparting knowledge about peace education. This study will also be a worthwhile reference and source of information in peace education framework for the community. Parents. The results of the study will serve as information on the vital role of the of the parents as they are valuable resources for the classrooms. They certainly can offer suggestions and ideas based their own background on how they use mathematics in their own lives and jobs or how they solve a mathematics problem. Pupils. The result of this study will help them understand the essential roles of teachers and pupils in acquiring knowledge in mathematics as integrated in the curriculum. Future researchers. This study can serve as basis and benchmark for further similar studies to be undertaken along the line of entrepreneurial approaches in teaching mathematics. Scope and Limitations The locale of the study was focused in the three (3) complete elementary schools in Tagoloan District, Tagoloan, Lanao del Norte. These schools are: Sultan Palao Ali Elementary School, Tagoloan Elementary School, Kiasar Elementary School during the school year, 2011-2012. There are two (2) groups of respondents in this study, the Grade VI pupils and the mathematics teachers from the three (3) select elementary schools in Tagoloan District, Lanao del Norte. Moreover, for accessibility, familiarity, and security aspects of the researcher during the conduct of the study were the reasons why she chose Tagoloan District, Lanao del Norte as her locale of the study. From the three (3) complete elementary schools, the researcher utilized Kiasar Elementary School as the chosen school for the conduct of the validation of the researcher’s made questionnaire. Said sets of questionnaire were distributed to the 25 Grade VI pupils in the aforesaid school for the purpose of validation as a requirement in conducting research using the non-standardized questionnaire. The remaining two (2) complete elementary schools were automatically the chosen schools for the conduct control/traditional and experimental/entrepreneurial groups of respondents. The contents of the questionnaire for the pupils were focused only to business mathematics topics, like: percentages, simple interest, principal rate and time, estimating products of whole numbers and decimals, solving word problems in commission, rate of commission, total sales, total income, simple interest, rate and time. The study was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2011-2012. It also involved in the scope and limitations of this study the independent, dependent, intervening variables, and output strategies, which were clearly emphasized in the conceptual framework. Definition of Terms For better understanding of the discussion in the succeeding chapters, the key concepts are defined conceptually or operationally: Anchored Instruction. This term refers to the major paradigm for technology-based learning that has been developed by the Cognition Technology Group at Vanderbilt (CTGV) under the leadership of John Bransford. The initial focus of the work was on the development of interactive videodisc tools that encourage students and teachers to pose and solve complex, realistic problems. The video materials serve as anchors (macro-contexts) for all subsequent learning and instruction. The primary application of anchored instruction has been to elementary reading, language arts and mathematics skills. (Bransford Stein 2003). Change and Innovation. In this study, this terms simply means the willingness of a concerned person to look at what perspectives are to be adapted and the desires to change for the better. This practice fuels improvement: improved products and features, improved methods, and improved knowledge. This belief is in line with the concept that innovation for betterment brings change. Cognitive Learning. This refers to a powerful mechanism that provides the means of knowledge, and goes well beyond simple imitation of others. This learning illustrates the importance of the acquisition of knowledge and skill by mental or cognitive processes — ;the procedures which are necessary for manipulating information in our heads. Cognitive processes include creating mental representations of physical objects and events, and other forms of information processing. (http://library. thinkquest. org/26618/en-5. 5. 3=cognitive%20learning. htm). Enhanced Mathematics Program. The students in an enhanced mathemetics program will   study the regular mathematics curriculum of their grade level, explore areas of mathematics outside of the regular curriculum, cultivate creative thinking in mathematics, and participate in all mathematics contests at their grade level in order to learn a variety of problem solving techniques (http://bci. rdsb. ca/math/enhanced-mathematics-bluevale). In this study, it provides the most accomplished mathematics students with the opportunity to broaden the scope of their mathematics learning at their grade level, and to provide them with the expanded problem solving opportunities that they might not normally experience in their regular class. Enterprise in Education. Is about taking an enter prising approach to teaching and learning. Enterprise encourages all young people to learn and develop in a way that meets their needs and develops skills for learning, skills for life and skills for work. They need to have the skills and attitudes to cope with an unpredictable future, to be able to deal with setbacks and disappointments in a positive way, and to continue to learn for the rest of their lives. From the earliest age, children have a natural ability to be enterprising and it is important for that ability to be nurtured throughout their education (http://www. ltscotland. org. uk/learningteaching andassessment/learningacrossthecurriculum/themesacrosslearning). Enterprise Learning. Is a kind of learning which is in a constant state of transformation. Where and how a person we learns, the roles and responsibilities of staff, supporting technologies and systems all are continually evolving. On the other hand, the enterprise learning research is designed to help you understand the trends and be prepared for what’s around the bend, the best practices for all areas of learning through industry studies, factbooks, research reports and bulletins, case studies, illustrative models, webinars, videos, and much more. (http://www. bersin. com/Research/Content. aspx? id=114fid=12572). Entrepinoy. In this study, this term refers to a Filipino entrepreneur who organizes and manages any enterprise, esp. a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk. Entrepreneurial Approach in Teaching Mathematics. In this study, this refers to the techniques, strategies, and procedures in learning mathematics in a business related approach. Moreover, this undertaking reflects a growing awareness that entrepreneurship is a process of becoming rather than a state of being (Bygrave, 1989). This also has the aim of internalizing the tolerance of ambiguity and examined as possible traits associated with entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurship. In this study , this term means a â€Å"life skill† to promote the development of entrepreneurial attitudes from primary school right through to university level. It also refers to the factors influence entrepreneurial thinking and attitudes towards vocational and general secondary education. Exploratory/Discovery Learning. This type of learning refers an approach to teaching and training that encourages the learner to explore and experiment to uncover relationships, with much less of a focus on didactic training (teaching students by lecturing them). Exploratory learning does not necessarily mean an unguided or unconstrained learning environment, but does mean that learners may discover unexpected lessons and reach conclusions following various paths. Exploratory learning approaches are considered most appropriate for teaching generalized thinking and problem-solving skills, and may not be the best approach for such things as memorization (http://edutechwiki. unige. ch/en/Exploratory_learning). Humanistic Learning. This concerns the basic concern is for human growth. In this orientation the basic concern is for the human potential for growth. As Mark Tennant notes, the concern with ‘self’ is ‘a hallmark of humanistic psychology. The personal freedom, choice, motivations and feelings had to have their place are considerable factors in this type of learning (Tennant, 1997). Innovative Approaches in Teaching and Learning. As applied in this study, this phrase means the center for Innovative Teaching and Learning (CITL) of mathematics which provides instructional support for instructors from individual consultations to support for high-profile educational initiatives that impact the entire campus. This approach to eaching is designed practically for facilitating the learning of mathematics. Learning Mathematics Pinoy Style. This is a type of learning Mathematics in the heart of Pinoy na Pinoy’s cultural advocacy. It aims to help the youth appreciate their roots and strengthen their pride and love for Filipino culture and heritage. By bringing Pinoy na Pinoy to schools in the Philippines especially in introducing a technique in teaching and learning, hopes to do its part in molding a confident citizenry who carry the burning fire of cultural pride and a stronger sense of Pinoy identity and character (Morales, 2011). Self-efficacy Belief. This refers to the variety of ways: as the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain certain goals, as a person’s belief about his/her capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect lives. This is also a belief that one has the capabilities to execute the courses of actions required to manage prospective situations. Additionally, it builds on personal past experiences of mastery. It is believed that personalized ideas of self-efficacy affect the social interactions in almost every way. Understanding how to foster the development of self-efficacy is a vitally important goal for positive psychology because it can lead to living a more productive and happy life (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Self-efficacy). Social Learning. This term usually refers to observational learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in ones environment or other people. Moreover, if being applied as a theory of education, it means that it I an acquisition of social competence happens exclusively or primarily in a social group (Bandura, 1982 ) as cited in by (Morris, 2007).

Typeface and New Roman Font Essay

Typeface and New Roman Font Essay Typeface and New Roman Font Essay The love interest between Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel appears in the two. Another example in both is the horror legend of the Headless Horseman. There are many comparisons between The Legend of Sleepy Hollow the book and Sleepy Hollow the movie1Be sensible and be informed. Quantity will never replace quality in the knowing eyes of any teacher. It is always better to write a short but excellent paper than one that is long because it has been filled with fluff and nonsense. Keep that in mind before trying out these methods! In addition, some of the methods listed on this page may be considered to be cheating or intellectual laziness by your institution, and could get you in trouble with your teacher or professor. In some schools, colleges and universities, this could be enough to have you removed, even permanently. Know the rules applicable to your institution and heed them. It is not advisable to use all of the steps suggested below. It will shriek "obvious attempt at padding out" and you'll get a fail. If your paper ends up being too long (a possibility if you overdo things), then remove some of the steps. Indeed, if you have the opposite problem of writing too much, check you haven't done any of the things suggested here! Realize that if you can read this, so can your teacher or professor. Trying many of these (the font size and margin ones, especially) in a university or college course will most likely result in 4Pay attention to font and font size. Your

Our Vanishing Nights With My Inner Voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our Vanishing Nights With My Inner Voice - Essay Example The tone has a strong academic sound to it. As for â€Å"My Inner Voices,† the writing is casual and conversational. I wrote: â€Å"It’s because the missing school in the morning could cause a lot of troubles and I don’t know, it was just like, do something wrong, you will be popular.† This style follows a conversation that I would have with a friend. Formality is also found in the choice of words or vocabulary. I use scientific and formal words in â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights,† while everyday words are frequent in â€Å"My Inner Voices.† The organization of thoughts strictly follows mechanics and academic writing norms for â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights.† I did not use contractions, and I observed strict academic writing rules. For â€Å"My Inner Voices,† contractions were common, and I wrote like I was talking to a friend only. Hence, the target audiences of the paper affected my writing style. The tone has a strong academic sound t o it. As for â€Å"My Inner Voices,† the writing is casual and conversational. I wrote: â€Å"It’s because the missing school in the morning could cause a lot of troubles and I don’t know, it was just like, do something wrong, you will be popular.† This style follows a conversation that I would have with a friend. Formality is also found in the choice of words or vocabulary. I use scientific and formal words in â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights,† while everyday words are frequent in â€Å"My Inner Voices.† The organization of thoughts strictly follows mechanics and academic writing norms for â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights.† I did not use contractions, and I observed strict academic writing rules. For â€Å"My Inner Voices,† contractions were common, and I wrote like I was talking to a friend only. Hence, the target audiences of the paper affected my writing style. Appeals varied for both papers, where I used logos more in â€Å"Our Vanis hing Nights,† while in â€Å"My Inner Voices,† I focused on ethos and pathos because the former is more on analysis of an academic source, while the latter relies on a portrayal of and reflection on personal events. Relying on an academic source and given the paper’s objectives, I wrote with a strong appeal to logic for â€Å"Our Vanishing Nights.† I wanted scientists to study light pollution further to persuade them, I needed evidence and logical thinking. As for â€Å"My Inner Voices,† I used ethos because I described my own experiences to explain what it means to follow the bad inner voice.

A Small Business Mideset Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Small Business Mideset - Essay Example ess owner is better than the stability of being a paid employee; and they expect higher financial returns from being a small business owner than being an employee. People start a small business, despite having a stable career, because they have the willingness to take risks and they want to pursue their dreams. They also believe that there are business opportunities that are related to their dreams and passions. Amaral and Baprista (2007) studied the factors involved for people choosing to be entrepreneurs. They noted that entrepreneurs believe in their dreams of opening their own businesses because of business opportunities and because they are willing to take risks (Amaral & Baprista, 2007, p.26). Levine and Rubinstein (2013) agreed that employed people who want to open small businesses are more willing to take risks than paid employees. In addition, those who open new businesses believe that being business owners is more challenging than being paid employees. Girouard (2013) menti oned that many employees open their own businesses because they think that they are maximizing their strengths more in challenging entrepreneurial environments. Professional development may actually be better attained as entrepreneurs than as paid employees where there are constraints to continued learning and growth. Apart from being willing risk-takers, finding business opportunities, and boosting professional development, employees who open small businesses also believe that they have more autonomy and are happier and that they can earn more. Girouard (2013) underscored that many employees want greater autonomy over decision-making. They want to be their own managers, so they start their own businesses. Autonomy as owners can also make them feel happier and more fulfilled in life. Moreover, starting a business can increase income levels. Girouard (2013) and Levine and Rubinstein (2013) provided studies that showed that self-employed individuals usually earn more per hour or have

How to be a great teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How to be a great teacher - Essay Example Through online teaching and interactive learning environments, teachers are playing a considerable role in improving the communication skills of the children by making them interact with other students in different activities. Teachers are also playing a vital role in improving the social behaviors of the students by injecting the senses of responsibility and ethics in the minds of the students. How to Become a Great Teacher Not every teacher is a great teacher. Ragos states, â€Å"The influence of a great teacher is reverberating†. A great teacher possesses such qualities and characteristics, which distinguishes him/her from all other teachers. Some of the main qualities of a great teacher include sense of humor, positive attitude, high expectations, consistency, fairness, and flexibility (Kelly). Let us now discuss in detail what a teacher needs to become a great teacher. In the discussion, we will also include the ideas and responses of Mr. Bob Overstreet, who is a high sch ool teacher from Walton High School. High Enthusiasm A great teacher is always enthusiastic about the job. According to Mr. Overstreet, high enthusiasm and passion to teach students are the keys towards a teacher’s professional success. ... Therefore, teachers need to develop interest of students in the subjects in order to make them successful. Responsiveness Another important factor, which plays a considerable role in development of a great teacher, is responsiveness. A teacher needs to respond to the queries of the students in order to satisfy them. A teacher should never ignore the query of any student. It is also one of the main responsibilities of a teacher to strengthen the concepts of the students and it can only happen if the teacher shows interest by responding to all questions raised by the students about the lecture. According to Mr. Overstreet, a great teacher is one who never leaves any question made by any student unanswered. A great teacher not only responds to the students but also ensures that the students have understood every issue related to the topic. Moreover, a great teacher is one who not only shows interest in the subject related questions raised by the students but also answers other questions related to sports, physical fitness, or any other topic. Friendliness and Communication Skills Another quality, which makes teachers great, is the friendliness and excellent communication skills of the teachers. â€Å"There are many ways to be a successful teacher but the secret lies in excellent communication skills† (Reed). According to Mr. Overstreet, teachers need to be friendly with their students in order to create an effective learning environment. Friendliness of teachers plays a vital role in making the students learn in an effective manner. It is because when a teacher creates an open and sociable learning environment in the classroom, it motivates the students to get

A Pestel Analysis On Tour Operators Tourism Essay

A Pestel Analysis On Tour Operators Tourism Essay With the following information I have been asked to examine You are an established Tour Operator offering worldwide, long haul programmes that feature Africa, The Caribbean, Dubai, The Far East and North America. Each programme uses a variety of methods of transportation, With air being the principle method. You also use local rail and ferry connections and coaches are used extensively for both touring and transfers. It is an accepted fact that major accidents and incidents can occur during the operation of a programme. Task 1 Describe the major accidents and incidents that could occur throughout the duration of the programme described above. Task 2 Produce a detailed and systematic Emergency Plan that can be put into action to deal with any major accident and/or emergency. Notes You should produce one generic plan that is capable of being implemented for all situations. Do not produce separate plans for each of the accidents and incidents identified in Task 1 above. Your plan must be comprehensive and include contact and staffingrequirements, in addition to the actual plan of action. Table of Contents Page no. Introduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., 04 Porters Five Forces Model à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.., 05 Selecting an Organization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., 08 Application of Porters Five Forces Model to a selected organization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., 08 Additional theories which develop Porters idea à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., 11 Conclusionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., 17 Referencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., 18 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS TOURISM AND TOUR OPERATION According to the World Tourism Organization Tourism can define as The Activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs (Mathieson Wall, 1982, p.1) Tourism has not been defined universally because it is hard to define if tourism is an industry and what factors make a person traveling a tourist. All tourism involves travel, yet not all travel is tourism (Mill Morrison, 2002, p. 1). What this is saying that you need to go somewhere to be a tourist yet you can go somewhere and not be a tourist, simply by visiting family. Travel refers to the act of moving outside of ones usual environment for business or pleasure Tourism industry can divide into 3 main categories. These categories are depending on the type of the travel. Domestic tourism When People travel within their own country come under this section Incoming or inbound tourism When people entering the country in question from the home country, this is a type of international tourism Outbound tourism When people travel away from their home country As we discussed earlier there are some main requirements that a traveler seeks when travelling takes place. Some of them are -Accommodation -Travelling Assistant -Information Assistant In order to assist with the travel arrangements, specialized travel services providers comes in to action. They are called tour operators, a tour operator typically combines tour and travel components to create a holiday package for a individual or for group of people. Sometimes there is confusion over the difference in functions of tour operators and travel agents. Tour operators are the organizers and providers of package holidays.   Who  makes contracts with hoteliers, airlines and ground transport companies then finally print brochures and advertise the holidays that they have assembled. Travl Agency Cultural Sites Natural Sites Destinations Cultural/Social Events Ground Operators Ground Transport Resturant Transport to/From Destination Accomodation Tour OperatorTravel agents give advice, sell and administer the bookings for number of tour operators. As by definition, tour operators design packages, maintains the relationship between the other parties. Consumer The Package holidays offered may cover a wide range of destinations, both national and international, and can cover a variety of holidays, such as cruises, adventure, touring, winter and summer destinations. Task 1 Describe the major accidents and incidents that could occur throughout the duration of the programme described above. Tourist destination is the most important component in a tour package. This helps tour operator to attract tourist for their packages. Following are some of main tourist destinations tour operators use to attract tourist for their tour packages Activities in tour packages. Based on the type and the requirement of the consumer tour operator creates a packages. If the tour pacakage is based on adventure tourism it will mainly consist of activity based tour itinerary. These activities are based on the tourist location they visit. As an example tour package in Africa includes a safari tour, in Dubai shopping and also safaris in deserts etc. Following are some of main activities that include in a tour package. These activities can be change by demand of travel group. And also it is tour operators responsibility to arrange these activities with safety measures. Safari tour Surfing Rafting Horse riding Hiking Nature walks Hot air balloon Helicopter tours Bridge jumping Diving Whale watching Cruising Historical Places Visit Group Events in hotel Shopping Cultural event Boat Riding Another adventure events Tourism and Transportation Transportation is the method using for travel one place to another. Travelling is main part of any kind of tourism. No tourism take place without considering about transportation. There are four main transportation methods used when it comes to travel and tourism, they are air, road, sea and railway. Most of tour operators used following methods of transportation heavily for their travel arrangements. Air :- Aviation This is the most common method use for transportation within the tourism industry. This can be divide in two ways. International and domestic travel. Tour operators get this service through the travel agents. Ground:- Coaches and Rail These are the two methods tour operators used to travel tourist in the ground. Most tour operators manage their own coaches services with well manage staff. If not they get the service from travel agents. Depend on the size of the group coaches can be varied. Railway is mainly managed by rail companies. They provide scheduled service within the home country. Tour operators may reserve seats for tourist group and use this service. Sea :- Ships, Ferry This is the transport method heavily used when people travel in the water. Ships and Ferries provide link between group of islands, or islands and a larger land mass. Tour operators get the service through the cruise or ferry operators for their packages. 5.Accidents in tourism An accident is a specific, unexpected, unusual and unintended external action which occurs in a particular time and place, with no apparent and deliberate cause but with marked effects. It implies a generally negative outcome which may have been avoided or prevented had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon, prior to its occurrence.(Wikipidea ) As described above even in tourism there is a big possibility to take place an accident during the tour programme program. Following are some major accident that could happen in the tourism industry. These accident can be divided in to several section depend on the accident type and location it happens. Accident Due to Natural phenomena Its a common fact that natural phenomena cause huge accident and damages to tourism industry. As an example Tsunami in 2004 December results number of deaths in the coastal area including tourist who were there at the time when it happened. Following are some of natural phenomena identified around the world Earthquakes Flood Landslides Erosion Fire Storms Accident in the Transportation When tour operators creating packages as described above they use various method of transportation to travel tourist. Following are some accidents that can tale place while transporting passengers, Air accidents Sea accidents Rail accidents Road accidents Accidents due to Activities As we described in this article travelers are participating various kind of activities in the event. Due to these activities traveler can face to these type of accidents. Animal Attacks Pool Accident Beach accident Falling down Overturn Boat Biological Also there can be certain incedents that a traveler may face with following types of accidents, Communicable diseases Food hygiene Illness Accident made by man In a destination there can be sudden attracts or picketing that a traveler might face in to, some of them are Political Reasons Incident investigations Terrorist attacks Tour operator goes bankruptcy Common Accident Apart from all other following accident can happen to anyone including tourist at any time in anywhere, Meat with a robbery Lost in the way Result of accident Accident always brings up the bad result. Following are some of results can occur due to an accidents in the middle of travel package. Dead of one or more in a travel group Injured of one or more in a travel group Trip Cancellation Group stuck in a location Illness of one or more group members Delay from a schedule time Economy problem of group members Lost baggage. Task 2 Produce a detailed and systematic Emergency Plan that can be put into action to deal with any major accident and/or emergency. As describe in above accidents are unpredictable and can occur anywhere at any time of the day. Since there are many great risks involved in tourism accidents it is commonly understood there should be proper measures take before those types of incidents take place. By which will ease the situation and avoid the panic among others. Planning for Accident It is tour operators responsibility to give safety for their travelers till the end of their journey. Using good plan to response for accident can prevent or minimize risk for travelers. In this section we are talking about how to create a common plan to face above mention accidents. An emergency plan it can be divided in to three main section. Identifying the main accident and develop a action plan for those accidents Give necessary training for the staff and information to travelers. Implement the plan and monitor the progress Identifying the main accident and develop an action plan for those accidents In this step tour organizations must try to identify and narrow down what are the possible accident that can take place in a destination and how to develop an action plan for those. Priorities for the action plan can be changed depend on the tourist destination. As an example tour operator must give enough measures for accident related to animal attacks, communicable disease or food hygiene on trip in Africa but less in Dubai. As we design a common plan for all of those identified potential incidents we need to bring forward the most suitable emergency plan that covers most of the accidents that can happen in destination. Following are the main points that need to be considered to complete in this step. The outcome for each point can be changed according to the destination. Point 1:- appoint a person who can be in charge when accident occurs. Every tour operator must have one or several people in charge to manage an event of emergency. Each group or individual must have a responsible person to lead them, in this case basically a guide can be used to do both guiding, that is part of the service a tour operator provide and in an accident to act as a trained helper by giving proper prior training to him/her Point 2 :-appoint a member or members from staff to response when accident occurs One or more members must be included in the response team. Each of them must be given different tasks, response team must consist of following members to support in the event of emergency Communication This members responsibility is inform the head of the team first and then if required to travelers if emergency occurs Supportive This member responsibility is to check equipment, records and other thing are safe and in order. Fist aid support This one is responsible for first aid support to travelers in the event of emergency. Tour operators must identify or train current staff before members select team or appointing them to act in an accident Point 3 :-Information is very important for every emergency plan. There for following information must include in the emergency plan. These details can be changed depending on the tour destination. Emergency assembly sites When an event of accident tour operator must provide separate safe site to assemble for the travelers. As an example if the hotel met with fire put travelers to another hotel. Evacuation route Always must have a backup route to travel for destination. Then travelers can avoid a place where possible to meet with accidents. As a example avoid flood areas. Staff contact details Every action plan must have contact details of every member in the response team as well as the important numbers of tour operator company staff. Emergency contact numbers In this section must have the numbers we can get help from in the event of emergency. As an example Police, Fire Department, Hospitals Warning message receivers In this section we are keeping a person or an organization where we can get further information regarding events of an accident or situation. As an example contact details of whether department, local police station. Point 4 :- To reduce the impact of an accident tour operators must provide sufficient equipment to travelers. In this point emergency plan list down the equipment needed for a emergency First aid kit Fire distinguish Life jackets When first step is completed tour operator must come up with basic plan to meet up with the accidents. It will list down all the actions and details that they must be prepared for in an event of an accident. Following table show a sample of the outcome of first point. Using this information tour operators can minimize or prevent the effect of accident to travelers. This emergency plan must be given and communicated well with every tour guide who coordinates the travel group. No Consider Point Action or Name 1 Head of responsible Person 2 Appoint members who can act wise in an accident Communication Support First Aid 3 Information Emergency assembly sites Evacuation route Staff contact details Emergency contact numbers Warning message receivers 4 Equipment First aid kit Fire distinguish Life Jackets Give necessary training for staff and information for travelersStaff. Even though tour operator makes a good emergency plan they need to involve the two parties that face the real situation. Those are staff and travelers. In this step main consideration is how to train the staff to face for accident situation and provide necessary information and assistance to the travelers. Staff Training When it comes to staff training company must decide what kind of training is needed. Also company need to decide who, where and when these training to be conducted. Following are some of the trainings that members of the emergency plan must undergo to act wise and confidently in an emergency. Basic training Every staff in the organization must have an idea about emergency procedure within the organization. In this training all the staff will be trained about current emergency procedure in the organization. Following are some sections that are need to cover in this training Information handling Evacuation practice Basic first aid training Specialist training When selecting staff for the team, like first aid, communication, etc they need separate specialist training in those fields. Information to Clients Before the tour starts tour operator must give information to travelers how to act when an emergency. Following are some important information that can provide to the travelers. Where is evacuation Places To whom they must inform when an emergency, like fire, illness, suspicions act. Also the contact details of staff in charge Where are the equipment to use when an event of emergency Apart from that it always good to display these information where ever possible to see to both staff and travelers. Company can use following methods to display information Handouts Display Boards Operation Manual Implementing and monitoring the plan After above preparation tour operator must put this plan in to practice. Even through act perfectly right in company create emergency plan, does not entirely mean everything will work without any problems according to plan when in real situation. However it will help people in charge to practice and memories the things they need to do in an situation all though it always create problems when put these plan into practice. So tour operator must monitor the plan regularly and do the necessary changes to the plan. As an example if new evacuation point is created those details must update in to the plan or a member of an emergency plan leaves the operator new one should be appointed accurately. Anyhow creating an emergency plan that will be perfect for all incidents is like a never ending loop. It always goes in a circle. If there is something new or someone new comes in we need to change the plan accordingly that mean we cannot create emergency plan once and for all and use it, we need to keep on adding changes and monitor it constantly to make it accurate and effective. By implementing this kind of method can have a most reliable emergency plan for the operator. Training/ Information to staff and client Implement and Monitoring Plan Making Emegency Plan for Accident CONCLUSION Accidents in tourism is never a new or surprising thing to anybody, although accidents are common in this sector as many other sectors, tour operators must take enough precautions to minimize the impact of the accident as it will destroy the business they are involved and as well as the future of the industry, there for it is very vital to identify accidents that can occur during a tour programme and take appropriate steps to minimize these accidents and impact on those to the consumers, one generic way is to plan and implement emergency plan that covers most of the accidents and incidents that can take place while at a tour. For this, it is very important tour operator provides relevant training to the staff who are in and provide accurate information, facilities and support to minimize the impact on an accident to both consumers and to the industry itself.

Albert Einstein Essay -- physics science mathematics

Albert Einstein One of the greatest heroes of American(and international) science and culture in the past century has been German physicist Albert Einstein. Born in 1879, Einstein used his early years to educate himself and began to think up his own methods for solving his newly found inquiries into science and higher-level mathematics. In a short time during the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein pulled together his research and incredible intellect for unprecedented gains in science and theory used throughout the world. One need not go far to view the incredible impact that innovative genius Albert Einstein has had upon the twentieth century. His impact stretches far beyond the reaches of physics and life in the early 1900's. This physicist of phenomenal philosophy, logic, and imagination has been and still is the subject of countless catch phrases and expressions of intelligence. Albert Einstein is a forerunner of influential American icons. Because of his contribution to American scie nce and society as an immigrant, intellectual accomplishments, and discoveries in nuclear technology, it is my belief that Albert Einstein was the most influential person of the twentieth century. First of all, Albert Einstein was the most important figure of the twentieth century because of his contribution to American science and society as an immigrant. This is foremost important because of the U.S.'s status as the premier nation of the world. Albert Einstein has had one of the greatest ever influences upon the American way of life. He is responsible for many of the most famous scientific and philosophical standards used in America today. He was born in Germany in 1879, but Albert did not come to America until 1933, when he feared for his life and fled from Nazi Germany. It was at this time that he was at his greatest fame.(PBS 1) He then began his work for the United States. His discoveries have impacted all facets of American culture. The sophisticated Special Theory of Relativity in physics that he created models the behavior of the entire universe. As stated on Nova, General Relativity has spawned the most important results in modern astronomy.(Levenson 4) Perhaps his largest contribution to America, Albert Einstein played a role in preserving American power. Einstein provided the biggest contribution to American science, setting most precedents fo... ...ks Cited Clark, Ronald W. Einstein: The Life and Times. New York: Avon, 1984. Einstein, Albert. Relativity: The Special and General Theory. Tran. by Robert W. Lawson. 15th ed. New York: Bonanza-Crown, 1961. Einstein, Albert. The World as I See It. Translated by Alan Harris. Carol Publishing Group Edition. New York: Carol, 1995. Elert, Glenn. "Albert Einstein's letters to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt." 1997. Online. Internet. Available (15 Nov. 2009). "Knowledge/Imagination/Creativity." Words of Wisdom from Albert Einstein . Online. Internet. Available (2 Nov. 2009). Levenson, Thomas. "Genius Among Geniuses." Einstein Revealed. 1996. Online. Internet. Available (3 Nov. 2009). PBS (Nova). "Timeline." Einstein Revealed. 1996. Online. Internet. Available (3 Nov. 2009). "War/A-Bomb." Words of Wisdom from Albert Einstein. Online. Internet. Available (2 Nov. 2009). Albert Einstein Essay -- physics science mathematics Albert Einstein One of the greatest heroes of American(and international) science and culture in the past century has been German physicist Albert Einstein. Born in 1879, Einstein used his early years to educate himself and began to think up his own methods for solving his newly found inquiries into science and higher-level mathematics. In a short time during the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein pulled together his research and incredible intellect for unprecedented gains in science and theory used throughout the world. One need not go far to view the incredible impact that innovative genius Albert Einstein has had upon the twentieth century. His impact stretches far beyond the reaches of physics and life in the early 1900's. This physicist of phenomenal philosophy, logic, and imagination has been and still is the subject of countless catch phrases and expressions of intelligence. Albert Einstein is a forerunner of influential American icons. Because of his contribution to American scie nce and society as an immigrant, intellectual accomplishments, and discoveries in nuclear technology, it is my belief that Albert Einstein was the most influential person of the twentieth century. First of all, Albert Einstein was the most important figure of the twentieth century because of his contribution to American science and society as an immigrant. This is foremost important because of the U.S.'s status as the premier nation of the world. Albert Einstein has had one of the greatest ever influences upon the American way of life. He is responsible for many of the most famous scientific and philosophical standards used in America today. He was born in Germany in 1879, but Albert did not come to America until 1933, when he feared for his life and fled from Nazi Germany. It was at this time that he was at his greatest fame.(PBS 1) He then began his work for the United States. His discoveries have impacted all facets of American culture. The sophisticated Special Theory of Relativity in physics that he created models the behavior of the entire universe. As stated on Nova, General Relativity has spawned the most important results in modern astronomy.(Levenson 4) Perhaps his largest contribution to America, Albert Einstein played a role in preserving American power. Einstein provided the biggest contribution to American science, setting most precedents fo... ...ks Cited Clark, Ronald W. Einstein: The Life and Times. New York: Avon, 1984. Einstein, Albert. Relativity: The Special and General Theory. Tran. by Robert W. Lawson. 15th ed. New York: Bonanza-Crown, 1961. Einstein, Albert. The World as I See It. Translated by Alan Harris. Carol Publishing Group Edition. New York: Carol, 1995. Elert, Glenn. "Albert Einstein's letters to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt." 1997. Online. Internet. Available (15 Nov. 2009). "Knowledge/Imagination/Creativity." Words of Wisdom from Albert Einstein . Online. Internet. Available (2 Nov. 2009). Levenson, Thomas. "Genius Among Geniuses." Einstein Revealed. 1996. Online. Internet. Available (3 Nov. 2009). PBS (Nova). "Timeline." Einstein Revealed. 1996. Online. Internet. Available (3 Nov. 2009). "War/A-Bomb." Words of Wisdom from Albert Einstein. Online. Internet. Available (2 Nov. 2009).

Characteristics of nutrients and their benefits to the body Essay

In order to obtain good health everyone must consume a balanced diet. To do this we must eat recommended amounts of food from the five food groups which are, fruit and vegetables, meat, fish & alternatives, bread, cereals & potatoes, milk & dairy and foods which contain fats and sugar. These five food groups contain the seven components of a balanced diet they are, protein, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, there are 22 different types of amino acid and the body needs all of them to function properly. There are many forms of protein, which all play an important role in the function of the body. For example, collagen is a protein and is vital for the strength, elasticity and composition of hair and skin. If not consuming enough carbohydrates, the body will look for other sources of energy, such as proteins found in muscle tissue. Proteins, however, are not efficient sources of energy for the body. Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source. Carbohydrates are one of the main types of food. The liver breaks down carbohydrates into glucose which the body uses for sugar. Carbohydrates also protect muscles and help regulate the amount of sugar circulating in the blood so that all the cells get the energy they need. Sugars and starch are the main types of carbohydrates; these carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Lipids in the body store energy and are serving as components of hormones and vitamins. Vitamins are an essential nutrient which the body cannot produce enough of on its own, so it has to get it from food. Minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. The body uses minerals to perform many different functions such as building strong bones to transmitting nerve impulses. Fibre can’t be digested so it helps clean out the intestines by moving bowel movements along. Water has many functions in the human body. Some of its actions include its use as a solvent, as a lubricant, as a conduction system for moving unnecessary waste, and as a mode of temperature regulation. Macronutrients are also essential for good health; they break down carbohydrates and fats, which provide energy to the body and they assist in the absorption of protein, which provides the building blocks necessary for cell growth and repair. Micronutrients depend on vitamins and minerals to regulate the release of energy from food because they don’t provide energy.

English Spech Belonging Essay Example

English Spech Belonging Essay Example English Spech Belonging Essay English Spech Belonging Essay - Speech: Good morning teachers and students Good drama entertains, involves and challenges the responder Arthur Miller author of Death of a salesman achieves this through the use of various techniques such as mobile concurrency and irony. The play is also based on the theme of the American dream. This play tells a sad story of a man who was too proud to admit that he was a failure. This man was Willy Loman a lower class salesman. Willy creates a world of illusion to help him to continue with the daily difficults of living. He spent his life trying desperately to convince himself, and others, that he was successful and well liked until the day he died. In the last act of Millers play is where the sad truth of Willy Lomans existence is revealed to the audience and the Loman family. The last act serves as a place where Miller paints a picture of Willys death as an ironic end to his tragic life. Willys friend and niegbour Charley says an important speech durring Willys funeral which is vital to understanding Willy as a tragic character because Charley takes the blame away from Willy for his death .Nobody dast blame this man, are the opening words to Charleyâ„ ¢s speech that depicts Willy Loman as a product of his environment and a victim of his profession.He explains that the life of a salesman is an upward struggle to sell himself, riding on a smile and shoe shinewhen the customers start not smiling back-thats an earthquakeand youre finished.Here Charley is alluding to Willys inability to separate the personal from the professional.Willy took his professional rejections personally and it was a blow to his character.Willy wanted so desperately to be liked that he convinced himself that he was liked so he would be able to continue on with his life and his career.It is important that the audience sees Willys delusions as a coping mechanism to deal with his personal failures , and therefore takes pity on him.If the audience blames him for his death then his death is not viewed as a tragedy. Miller continues to drive the sympathy out of the audience when Willys oldest son, Biff, gives his analysis of his fathers life.Biff comes to a realization at the end of the play that his father lived a life of illusion, He never knew who he was.Willy spent so much time believing in the false promises of wealth and popularity that the life of a salesman could bring that he never took the time to realize that he really enjoyed working with his hands, Thereâ„ ¢s more of him in that front stoop than in all the sales he ever made.Biff implies that his father wasted his life as an unsuccessful salesman saying that he has all the wrong dreams. He should have spent his life in a profession that he was good at and that he could take pride in instead of wasting his life trying to reach unattainable goals as an unsuccessful salesman.The tragedy behind this is that Willy wasted so much of his life being mentally invested in the idea of the American dream to be successful and not have to worr y about money that he was to blinded to see any other alternatives. Willy has various flashbacks of his life throughout the play which makes it seem like you are viewing a lifetime when in fact the play only runs over the last 24 hours of his life, this technique is called mobile currency.There are many aspects of Willyâ„ ¢s death that are both tragic and ironic such as the attendance of Willyâ„ ¢s funeral.Before Willyâ„ ¢s death he had a conversation with a vision of his older brother Ben on which Willy described the motives behind his suicde.Willy wanted to prove to his son Biff once and for all how well known and respected he was. Ben, that funeral will be massive! Theyâ„ ¢ll come from ME, MA, VT and NHthat boy will be thunderstruck, Ben, because he never realized â€Å" I am known!Will envisioned his final triumph where he could finally prove his worth to his family, and the only way that he could do that would be in death. Ironically, no one attends his funeral expect for his family and Charley. Instead of his funeral being his fin al triumph it is his final humiliation. The absence of people at the funeral shows to the Lomanâ„ ¢s and the audience that Willyâ„ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢s entire life was an illusion.Sadly, even Willy himself did not realize the stupidness in his views of fame and success. Another ironic twist on the death of Willy Loman is the fact that he took his own life because he thought that he would be more financially beneficial to his family if he was dead. Willy foreshadows his suicide during his final conversation with Charley when he says, After all the highways, and the trains, and the appointments, and the years, you end up worth more dead than alive.Willy truly believes that he is doing what is best for his family by taking his own life, in his eyes his twenty thousand dollar insurance policy will be worth more to his family than his own life. He envisions that the money will go to his son Biff and he will be able to become the successful man that Willy always knew he would be. Willy says imagine that magnificence with twenty thousand dollars in his pocket.Ironically in the end the audience realize that Willyâ„ ¢s death was in vain because his son, Biff, does not get the insurance money because suicide was not covered in his policy. His death also c onvinces his other son Happy, to follow on his fatherâ„ ¢s footsteps toward an unrealistic dream of unattainable goals. Willyâ„ ¢s wife Linda also plays a role in the irony in the last act. Linda has a moment alone with Willyâ„ ¢s grave telling him, I made the last payment on the house today. Today, dear. And thereâ„ ¢ll be nobody home.Ironically Willy kills himself just before he is Free and clear of debt. There is also another ironic piece to Lindaâ„ ¢s final words to her husband. She says to him, Why did you do it I search and search and I search, and I canâ„ ¢t understand it, Willy.This is ironic because throughout the play Linda is the only person that loves Willy unconditionally for who he is, but in reality she has no idea who he is at all. Linda never let herself understand Willyâ„ ¢s psychological problems; therefore the only thing she can think of for his suicide is their financial burden. The final chapter of Willyâ„ ¢s life is where, for the first time, the harsh realities of his life are revealed. Sympathy is pulled from the audience and reasons for Willyâ„ ¢s behaviour are given. Willy cannot be blamed for his actions because he was merely a salesman that was so far sold on the idea of the American Dream that he was incapable of seeing his life for what it really was, even in his final moments.Willy died just as deluded as he lived. And that is how good drama entertains, involves and challenges the responder..thankyou

Biography of Diane Nash, Civil Rights Leader

Biography of Diane Nash, Civil Rights Leader Diane Judith Nash (born May 15, 1938) was a key figure in the US Civil Rights Movement. She fought to secure voting rights for African Americans as well as to desegregate lunch counters and interstate travel during the freedom rides.   Fast Facts: Diane Nash Known For: Civil rights activist who cofounded the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)Born: May 15, 1938 in Chicago, IllinoisParents: Leon and Dorothy Bolton NashEducation: Hyde Park High School, Howard University, Fisk UniversityKey Accomplishments: Freedom rides coordinator,  voting rights organizer, fair housing and nonviolence advocate, and winner of the Southern Christian Leadership Conferences’ Rosa Parks AwardSpouse: James BevelChildren: Sherrilynn Bevel and Douglass BevelFamous Quote: â€Å"We presented Southern white racists with a new set of options. Kill us or desegregate.† Early Years Diane Nash was born in Chicago to Leon and Dorothy Bolton Nash during a time when Jim Crow, or racial segregation, was legal in the U.S. In the South and in other parts of the country, blacks and whites lived in different neighborhoods, attended different schools, and sat in different sections of buses, trains, and movie theaters. But Nash was taught not to view herself as less than. Her grandmother, Carrie Bolton, particularly gave her a sense of self-worth. As Nash’s son, Douglass Bevel, recalled in 2017: â€Å"My great-grandmother was a woman of great patience and generosity. She loved my mother and told her no one was better than her and made her understand she was a valuable person. There’s no substitute for unconditional love, and my mother is just really a strong testament to what people who have it are capable of.† Bolton often took care of her when she was a small child because both of Nash’s parents worked. Her father served in World War II and her mother worked as a keypunch operator during wartime.   When the war ended, her parents divorced, but her mother remarried to John Baker, a waiter for the Pullman railroad company. He belonged to the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the most influential union for African-Americans. The union gave workers higher pay and more benefits than employees without such representation.   Her stepfather’s job afforded Nash an excellent education. She attended Catholic and public  schools, graduating from Hyde Park High School on Chicago’s south side. She then headed to Howard University in Washington, D.C., and, from there, to Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1959. In Nashville, Diane Nash saw Jim Crow up close.   â€Å"I started feeling very confined and really resented it,† Nash said. â€Å"Every time I obeyed a segregation rule, I felt like I was somehow agreeing I was too inferior to go through the front door or to use the facility that the ordinary public would use.†Ã‚   The system of racial segregation inspired her to become an activist, and she oversaw nonviolent protests on the Fisk campus. Her family had to adjust to her activism, but they ultimately supported her efforts. A Movement Built on Nonviolence As a Fisk student, Nash embraced the philosophy of nonviolence, associated with Mahatma Gandhi and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. She took classes on the subject run by James Lawson, who’d gone to India to study Gandhi’s methods. Her nonviolence training helped her lead Nashville’s lunch counter sit-ins over a three-month period in 1960. The students involved went to â€Å"whites only† lunch counters and waited to be served. Rather than walking away when they were denied service, these activists would ask to speak with managers and were often arrested while doing so.  Ã‚   Four students, including Diane Nash, had a sit-in victory when the Post House Restaurant served them on March 17, 1960. The sit-ins took place in nearly 70 US cities, and roughly 200 students who took part in the protests traveled to Raleigh, N.C., for an organizing meeting in April 1960. Rather than function as an offshoot of Martin Luther King’s group, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the young activists formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. As a SNCC co-founder, Nash left school to oversee the organization’s campaigns. Sit-ins continued through the following year, and on February 6, 1961, Nash and three other SNCC leaders went to jail after supporting the â€Å"Rock Hill Nine† or â€Å"Friendship Nine,† nine students incarcerated after a lunch counter sit-in in Rock Hill, South Carolina. The students would not pay bail after their arrests because they believed paying fines supported the immoral practice of segregation. The unofficial motto of student activists was â€Å"jail, not bail.† While whites-only lunch counters were a big focus of SNCC, the group also wanted to end segregation on interstate travel. Black and white civil rights activists had protested Jim Crow on interstate buses by traveling together; they were known as the freedom riders. But after a white mob in Birmingham, Ala., firebombed a freedom bus and beat the activists on board, organizers called off future rides. Nash insisted they continue. â€Å"The students have decided that we can’t let violence overcome,† she told civil rights leader the Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth. â€Å"We are coming into Birmingham to continue the freedom ride.†Ã‚   A group of students returned to Birmingham to do just that. Nash began to arrange freedom rides from Birmingham to Jackson, Mississippi, and organize activists to take part in them. Later that year, Nash protested a grocery store that would not employ African Americans. As she and others stood on the picket line, a group of white boys started throwing eggs and punching some of the protesters. The police arrested both the white attackers and the black demonstrators, including Nash. As she had in the past, Nash refused to pay bail, so she remained behind bars as the others went free.   Marriage and Activism The year 1961 stood out for Nash not only because of her role in various movement causes but also because she got married. Her husband, James Bevel, was a civil rights activist, too.   Marriage didn’t slow down her activism. In fact, while she was pregnant in 1962, Nash had to contend with the possibility of serving out a two-year prison sentence for giving civil rights training to local youth. In the end, Nash served just 10 days in jail, sparing her from the possibility of giving birth to her first child, Sherrilynn, while incarcerated. But Nash was prepared to do so in hopes that her activism could make the world a better place for her child and other children. Nash and Bevel went on to have son Douglass.   Diane Nash’s activism attracted the attention of President John F. Kennedy, who selected her to serve on a committee to develop a national civil rights platform, which later became the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The next year, Nash and Bevel planned marches from Selma to Montgomery to support voting rights for African Americans in Alabama. When the peaceful protesters tried to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge to head to Montgomery, police severely beat them.   Stunned by images of law enforcement agents brutalizing the marchers, Congress passed the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Nash and Bevel’s efforts to secure voting rights for black Alabamians resulted in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference awarding them the Rosa Parks Award. The couple would divorce in 1968.   Legacy and Later Years After the Civil Rights Movement, Nash returned to her hometown of Chicago, where she still lives today. She worked in real estate and has participated in activism related to fair housing and pacifism alike.   With the exception of Rosa Parks, male civil rights leaders have typically received most of the credit for the freedom struggles of the 1950s and ’60s. In the decades since, however, more attention has been paid to women leaders like Ella Baker, Fannie Lou Hamer, and Diane Nash.   In 2003, Nash won the Distinguished American Award from the John F. Kennedy Library and Foundation. The following year, she received the LBJ Award for Leadership in Civil Rights from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum. And in 2008, she won the Freedom Award from the National Civil Rights Museum. Both Fisk University and the University of Notre Dame have awarded her honorary degrees. Nash’s contributions to civil rights have also been captured in film. She appears in the documentaries â€Å"Eyes on the Prize† and the â€Å"Freedom Riders,† and in the 2014 civil rights biopic â€Å"Selma†, in which she’s portrayed by actress Tessa Thompson. She is also the focus of historian David Halberstams book â€Å"Diane Nash: The Fire of the Civil Rights Movement.†

Current event summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current event summary - Article Example According to Obama, there are other ideas to improve the nation’s economy which he would discuss in the coming days. He emphasized that despite a 10-day vacation spent at Martha’s Vineyard, the status of the nation’s economy through continued assistance in small businesses, among others, remain in his agenda. Obama clearly indicated that â€Å""every single day, Im pushing this economy forward, repairing the damage thats been done to the middle class over the past decade and promoting the growth we need to get out people back to work" (msnbc, 2010, par. 8). There was related news in the areas of spurring economic activities in the form of â€Å"extending Bush tax cuts due to expire this year for households making under $250,000 a year, upping the nations investment in clean energy, rebuilding more roads and highways and tax cuts designed to keep jobs in the United States† (msnbc, 2010, par. 4). By assisting small businesses, employment in these organizations would be secured and contribute to economic growth and enhanced competitiveness in the long